Chemistry Group VII - The Halogens

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Questions and Answers

What is the physical state of fluorine at room temperature?

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas (correct)
  • Plasma

Which halogen has the highest melting point?

  • Fluorine
  • Bromine
  • Chlorine
  • Iodine (correct)

Which statement correctly describes the trend in boiling points of the halogens as you descend the group?

  • Boiling points increase then decrease.
  • Boiling points do not change significantly.
  • Boiling points decrease consistently.
  • Boiling points consistently increase. (correct)

What color is bromine in its liquid state at room temperature?

<p>Red-brown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of intermolecular forces exist between halogen molecules?

<p>Van der Waals forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which halogen is least effective as an oxidizing agent?

<p>Iodine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the color of iodine vapour is correct?

<p>Iodine vapour is violet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the strength of van der Waals forces as the relative formula mass of halogen molecules increases?

<p>They increase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are halogens?

The halogens are a group of reactive non-metals that share similar properties, with gradual changes down the group. They exist as diatomic molecules, meaning they consist of two atoms bonded together.

How do intermolecular forces affect the physical properties of halogens?

The strength of the van der Waals forces between halogen molecules increases down the group. This is because larger molecules have more electrons, leading to stronger intermolecular attractions.

What are the physical states of the halogens at room temperature?

Fluorine (F2) is a yellow gas, Chlorine (Cl2) is a green-yellow gas, Bromine (Br2) is a reddish-brown liquid, and Iodine (I2) is a grey-black solid. These are their physical states at room temperature.

How does the solubility of halogens in water change down the group?

The halogens become less soluble in water as you move down the group. This is because the strength of the van der Waals forces between halogen molecules increases, making it harder for water molecules to break them apart.

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How do halogens react with sodium hydroxide?

Halogens can react with sodium hydroxide to form different products depending on the concentration and temperature. In cold, dilute NaOH, halides and hypohalites (containing XO-) are formed. In hot, concentrated NaOH, halides and halates (containing XO3-) are formed.

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What happens when chlorine reacts with water?

Chlorine reacts with water to form chloride ions (Cl-) and chlorate(I) ions (ClO-). This reaction is an example of disproportionation, where the same element is both oxidized and reduced.

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How does the oxidizing ability of halogens change down the group?

The oxidizing ability of halogens decreases down the group. This means that a halogen higher up in the group can displace a halogen lower down in the group from its solutions.

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How do solid halides react with concentrated sulfuric acid?

Solid halides, like sodium chloride, react with concentrated sulfuric acid, but the reaction depends on the halide ion. Fluoride and chloride ions form hydrogen halides, while bromide and iodide ions undergo oxidation to form bromine and iodine, respectively.

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Study Notes

Group VII - The Halogens

  • The halogens are reactive non-metals, similar in character but with gradual changes as the group descends.
  • They exist as diatomic molecules (e.g., Fâ‚‚, Clâ‚‚, Brâ‚‚, Iâ‚‚).
  • Intermolecular forces are weak van der Waals forces.
  • The strength of these forces increases with increasing molecular size/mass.
  • Melting and boiling points increase down the group due to stronger van der Waals forces with larger molecules.

Physical Properties of Halogens

  • Fluorine (Fâ‚‚): Yellow gas at room temperature.

  • Chlorine (Clâ‚‚): Green-yellow gas at room temperature.

  • Bromine (Brâ‚‚): Red-brown liquid at room temperature, red-brown vapour.

  • Iodine (Iâ‚‚): Grey-black crystals at room temperature, violet vapour (sublimes).

  • Intermolecular Forces: van der Waals forces (when liquefied)

  • Melting Points (°C): Fluorine (-220), Chlorine (-101), Bromine (-7), Iodine (114)

  • Boiling Points (°C): Fluorine (-188), Chlorine (-35), Bromine (59), Iodine (184)

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