Chemistry Grade 11 Unit 3: Chemical Bonding and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the octet rule?

  • Each atom has 6 electrons in its highest occupied energy level
  • Each atom has 2 electrons in its highest occupied energy level
  • Each atom has 8 electrons in its highest occupied energy level (correct)
  • Each atom has 10 electrons in its highest occupied energy level

    • Which of the following is true about ionic bonding?

  • It involves sharing of electrons between two atoms
  • It involves only metals
  • It results in neutral atoms
  • It is formed by electron transfer from a non-metal to a metal (correct)

    • What are some properties of ionic compounds?

  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Fundamental units are neutral atoms
  • Volatile in nature
  • Conduct heat and electricity in crystalline form (correct)

    • What is the general formula for predicting molecular shapes?

    <p>Intermolecular Forces in covalent compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common intermolecular force?

    <p>London force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Valence Bond Theory explain?

    <p>Bonding between two atoms caused by overlap of half-filled atomic orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of covalent compounds?

    <p>Presence of covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bonding involves the donation of both shared electrons by only one atom?

    <p>Coordinate covalent bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a molecule that can be represented by two or more Lewis structures?

    <p>Resonance structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common property of covalent compounds?

    <p>Existence in gaseous state at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Bonding

    • The octet rule states that atoms lose, gain, or share electrons to achieve a full outer energy level of eight electrons, resulting in a stable configuration.

    Ionic Bonding

    • Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges that attract each other.

    Properties of Ionic Compounds

    • Ionic compounds are typically hard, brittle, and have high melting points due to the strong electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions.
    • They are also usually soluble in water and good conductors of electricity when dissolved.

    Molecular Shape

    • The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory is used to predict the shape of molecules, with the general formula being AXn, where A is the central atom and n is the number of electron domains.

    Intermolecular Forces

    • Hydrogen bonding is a common intermolecular force that occurs when a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) forms a weak bond with another electronegative atom.

    Valence Bond Theory

    • Valence Bond Theory explains how atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals, which in turn determine the shape and bonding of molecules.

    Covalent Compounds

    • The defining characteristic of covalent compounds is that they involve the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms.
    • Covalent compounds are typically soft and flexible, with low melting points, and are often poor conductors of electricity.

    Dative Covalent Bonding

    • Dative covalent bonding, also known as coordinate covalent bonding, involves the donation of both shared electrons by only one atom.

    Resonance

    • Resonance occurs when a molecule can be represented by two or more Lewis structures, indicating that the electrons are delocalized and not fixed in a single position.

    Covalent Compound Properties

    • Covalent compounds are often volatile, meaning they can easily evaporate, and are typically insoluble in water.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of chemical bonding and structure in this quiz based on the Addis Ababa Education Bureau's curriculum for Grade 11 Chemistry, Unit 3. Explore concepts like the Octet Rule, noble gases, and types of chemical bonding.

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