Chemistry Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between elements and compounds?

Compounds are composed of elements chemically bonded together in fixed ratios. (correct)
Elements and compounds are both mixtures of different atoms.
Elements can be broken down into compounds through physical means.
Elements are composed of compounds, which are simpler substances.

In metallic bonding, what accounts for the high electrical conductivity of metals?

The sharing of electrons between metal atoms.
The 'sea' of delocalized electrons that are free to move throughout the structure. (correct)
The fixed positions of positive ions in the lattice.
The strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

What distinguishes a molecular formula from an empirical formula?

The molecular formula is used for ionic compounds, while the empirical formula is used for covalent compounds.
The molecular formula shows the arrangement of atoms and bonds, while the empirical formula only shows the types of atoms.
The molecular formula represents the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule, while the empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms. (correct)
The molecular formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms, while the empirical formula represents the actual number of atoms.

Which process involves a substance changing directly from a solid to a gas?

Sublimation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a homogeneous mixture?

It has a uniform composition throughout, with evenly distributed components. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which separation technique relies on differences in boiling points to separate liquids?

Distillation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Avogadro's number in the mole concept?

It represents the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in one mole of a substance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In stoichiometry, what is the limiting reactant?

The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is molarity (M) a measure of?

Moles of solute per liter of solution. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Arrhenius definition, what characterizes an acid?

It donates protons (H⁺) in water. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a redox reaction, what process describes the loss of electrons by a substance?

Oxidation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What principle states that a system at equilibrium will adjust to counteract any applied change?

Le Chatelier's Principle (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms?

Covalent bond (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a reducing agent in a redox reaction?

It loses electrons and is oxidized. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

Water (H₂O) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the properties of a liquid?

It has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During the process of boiling, what change of state occurs?

Liquid to gas (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents an empirical formula?

CH₂O (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a reaction has a theoretical yield of 25.0 grams and an actual yield of 20.0 grams, what is the percent yield?

80% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a strong acid in terms of its behavior in water?

It completely dissociates into ions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a balanced chemical equation?

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is used to separate solid particles from a liquid?

Filtration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds?

-2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mixture has a non-uniform composition?

Heterogeneous mixture (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rate of forward and reverse reactions at chemical equilibrium?

The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which unit is used to express the amount of solute per kilogram of solvent?

Molality (m) (B) Signup and view all the answers

During condensation, what change of state occurs?

Gas to liquid (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the temperature usually affect a system at equilibrium, according to Le Chatelier's principle?

It favors the endothermic reaction. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Atoms

The basic building blocks of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Protons

Particles with a positive charge located in the nucleus of an atom; their number determines the element.