Chemistry Foundations for Nutrition

Chemistry

Human physiology

Nutrients and oxygen

<p>It can help you understand the nutrition information in the following chapters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A human being</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they contain additives or pesticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common health problems that affect the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule that contains two or more different elements in specific proportions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An evenly distributed mixture of two or more compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An atom or group of atoms that gains or loses one or more electrons, resulting in an electrical charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance that forms ions when dissolved in water, allowing it to conduct electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to represent elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance that loses H+ when dissolved in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a watery solution, ranging from 0 to 14.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>an element</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>they form a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sports drink, which has sugar, minerals, colorings, and flavorings dissolved in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>they can bond to each other by single, double, and triple bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>essential elements are necessary for the body to function normally, while non-essential elements are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>water (H2O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH of a neutral solution is 7, and it has the same number of H+ as OH−.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body maintains its acid-base balance through buffers in the blood, and the normal pH range of blood is 7.35-7.45.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH of the solution is neutralized, resulting in a pH of 7.0 or almost 7.0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buffers accept excess OH− or H+ ions to maintain the body's acid-base balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lungs remove excess H+ through exhalation, while the kidneys remove or neutralize H+ when forming urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anthocyanin is a pigment found in certain fruits and vegetables, which is red in acidic solutions (pH &lt; 4) and blue-green in basic solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical reaction is a process that changes the arrangement of atoms in molecules, where elements combine to form new molecules or compounds without being destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthetic reactions involve the combination of elements or compounds to form new substances, while decomposition reactions involve the breaking down of molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH of black coffee is about 5.0, which is less acidic than tomatoes, which have a pH of about 4.0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH of the drain cleaner is about 14, which is more alkaline than egg white, which has a pH of about 8.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide gas and sodium acetate (a salt) are formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acid reacts with the baking soda to produce carbon dioxide gas, which 'raises' the mixture, giving it a light, airy structure after baking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catabolic reactions involve breaking down molecules, while anabolic reactions involve synthesizing new compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes catalyze (speed up) specific chemical reactions, without becoming part of the products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most enzyme names end with -ase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pineapple contains enzymes that break down gelatin, preventing it from thickening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A salt is a substance that forms when an acid reacts with a base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes are usually destroyed by heat during cooking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes are recyclable, meaning they are not consumed by the reaction and can be reused.</p> Signup and view all the answers