Chemistry Flashcards: The Mole and Stoichiometry

Questions and Answers

What is a mole?

The atomic mass of an element

The volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure

A type of chemical reaction

The SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance (correct)

What is Avogadro's Number?

6.02 x 10^23

What does Molar Mass refer to?

The mass of one mole of a pure substance.

What is Atomic Mass?

Total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom. Signup and view all the answers

What is Formula Mass?

The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a chemical formula. Signup and view all the answers

Define Stoichiometry.

The study of the quantitative relationships in chemical formulas and reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What are mole-mole problems?

Conversion of moles of one substance into another. Signup and view all the answers

In mass-mass problems, you must first balance the equation and then convert mass to ___ .

moles Signup and view all the answers

What are mass-volume problems?

A concentration expression relating the mass of solute in grams dissolved in each 100g of solution. Signup and view all the answers

Define limiting reactant.

The reactant that limits the amounts of the other reactants and the amount of product that can form. Signup and view all the answers

What is expected yield?

The amount of product that should be produced based on stoichiometric calculations. Signup and view all the answers

Define actual yield.

The amount of product that actually forms when the reaction is performed. Signup and view all the answers

What is percent yield?

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100. Signup and view all the answers

What is molar volume?

The volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure, which is 22.4 L. Signup and view all the answers

Define percentage composition.

The percentage by mass of each element in a compound. Signup and view all the answers

What is an empirical formula?

A formula that shows the relative number of each type of atom using the smallest possible integers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecular formula?

A formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What is a balanced chemical equation?

A chemical equation where both reactants and products contain the same number of atoms for each element. Signup and view all the answers

Define chemical equation.

An expression representing a chemical reaction with reactants and products. Signup and view all the answers

What does a coefficient represent in a chemical equation?

A small whole number that appears in front of a formula. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mole and Stoichiometry Basics

A mole is the SI unit for measuring the amount of substance, equivalent to the number of carbon atoms in 12 g of carbon-12.
Avogadro's Number (6.02 x 10^23) quantifies the number of particles in one mole of a pure substance.
Molar mass refers to the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole.

Atomic and Formula Mass

Atomic mass is the total mass of an atom, combining protons and neutrons, measured in atomic mass units (amu).
Formula mass is calculated by summing the atomic masses of all atoms within a chemical formula.

Understanding Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves studying quantitative relationships in chemical formulas and reactions, crucial for predicting amounts of reactants and products.
Mole-mole problems facilitate the conversion of moles from one reactant to another within a reaction.

Mass and Volume Problems

Mass-mass problems require balancing equations, converting mass to moles, utilizing mole ratios, and converting back to grams or liters.
Mass-volume problems relate the mass of a solute in grams to the overall mass of a solution, often expressed as a concentration.
Volume-volume problems typically deal with gases, applying molar ratios and understanding that 1 mole of a gas occupies 22.4 L at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP).

Reactants and Yields

A limiting reactant is the component that restricts the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction, effectively dictating the reaction's yield.
Expected yield is the theoretical amount predicted through stoichiometric calculations, while actual yield indicates the practical amount obtained post-reaction.
Percent yield is calculated by taking the ratio of actual yield to expected yield, multiplied by 100 to express it as a percentage.

Gas and Chemical Formulas

Molar volume defines the space occupied by one mole of gas at STP, which is 22.4 L.
Percentage composition reflects the mass percentage of each element within a compound.
Empirical formula indicates the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a molecule, whereas molecular formula specifies the exact number of each type of atom present.

Chemical Equations

A balanced chemical equation ensures that the number of atoms for each element is equal on both reactant and product sides.
A chemical equation expresses a reaction, with reactants on the left and products on the right, connected by an arrow.
Coefficients are small whole numbers placed in front of chemical formulas within equations, indicating the quantity of molecules or moles involved.

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Description

This quiz offers flashcards focused on fundamental concepts related to the mole and stoichiometry in chemistry. Key terms like mole, Avogadro's number, and molar mass are defined to aid in your understanding of these essential topics. Perfect for students studying chemistry at any level!