Chemistry Flashcards Modules 1-4

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Questions and Answers

What are the meanings for the metric prefixes milli, centi, and kilo?

Milli means one million, centi means one thousandth, kilo means one hundred.

Milli means one thousandth, centi means one hundredth, kilo means one thousand. (correct)

Milli means one hundredth, centi means one thousand, kilo means one million.

Milli means one, centi means one hundred, kilo means one thousand.

The 0.3 g rock is heavier than the 30.0 mg rock.

True

Which of the following numbers is the most precise measurement of a football field supposed to be 100.0 yards long?

113.1 yards

1.0 x 10^2 yards

99.126 yards (correct)

Which number is the most accurate measurement?

1.0 x 10^2 yards Signup and view all the answers

What can we conclude about the density of the bobber compared to the density of the water if it floats?

The density of the bobber is less than the density of the water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for density?

Density = mass over volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between kinetic and potential energy and give an example of each.

Kinetic energy is energy in motion, while potential energy is stored energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a food Calorie and a chemistry calorie?

One food Calorie is 1,000 chemistry calories. Signup and view all the answers

If the temperature of an object starts to increase, is the object gaining or losing energy?

True Signup and view all the answers

What two units do we use for measuring energy?

Joules and calories Signup and view all the answers

How do you measure heat?

q = m c ΔT Signup and view all the answers

What are two ways to measure heat?

C = 5/9(F - 32) and K = C + 273.15. Signup and view all the answers

If lead, plastic, and stone are given the same amount of energy, which will end up the hottest?

Lead would be the hottest. Signup and view all the answers

Why do many recipes recommend boiling food at a constant temperature of 212 °F (100 °C)?

Water boils at 100 °C, and while it boils, the temperature remains constant. Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic components of a calorimeter?

An insulated container, water, a thermometer, a stirring rod, and an object to absorb or emit heat. Signup and view all the answers

What equation do you use for calorimetry?

-q object = q water + q calorimeter. Signup and view all the answers

If a substance can be decomposed, is it an element or a compound?

It is a compound. Signup and view all the answers

If a substance can conduct electricity when dissolved in water, what do we classify it as?

It is classified as ionic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the continuous theory of matter?

Substances are composed of long, unbroken blobs of matter. Signup and view all the answers

What is the discontinuous theory of matter?

Matter is composed of tiny, individual particles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of mass conservation?

Matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of definite proportions?

The proportion of elements in any compound is always the same. Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of multiple proportions?

If two elements combine to form different compounds, the ratio of masses of the second element that react with a fixed mass of the first element will be a simple, whole-number ratio. Signup and view all the answers

A substance that is brittle and does not conduct electricity is most likely a metal.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metric Prefixes

Milli: one thousandth (0.001)
Centi: one hundredth (0.01)
Kilo: one thousand (1,000)

Weight Comparison

A 0.3 g rock is heavier than a 30.0 mg rock (30.0 mg = 0.03 g).

Measurement Precision and Accuracy

Data on a football field's length:
- 113.1 yards
- 1.0 x 10² yards
- 99.126 yards
B (1.0 x 10² yards) is the most accurate measurement.
C (99.126 yards) is the most precise measurement.

Density Observations

A fishing bobber floating indicates its density is less than that of water.

Density Equation

Density formula: density = mass/volume

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only transform.

Energy Types

Potential energy: stored energy (e.g., an unlit match).
Kinetic energy: energy of motion (e.g., a lighted match).

Energy Units Relationship

One food Calorie = 1,000 chemistry calories.

Energy Gain/Loss

If an object's temperature increases, it is gaining energy.

Energy Measurement Units

Energy is measured in joules and calories, with 1 calorie = 4.184 joules.

Heat Measurement Equation

Heat is measured as q = mcΔT.

Heat Measurement Methods

Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion: C = 5/9(F - 32).
Kelvin conversion: K = C + 273.15.

Specific Heat Comparison

If equal masses of lead, plastic, and stone are given the same energy, lead will end up the hottest.

Boiling Point in Cooking

Cooking at 212 °F (100 °C) boils water, maintaining constant temperature while boiling.

Calorimeter Components and Experiment

Basic components: insulated container, water, thermometer, stirring rod, and a heat-absorbing or emitting object.
A calorimetry experiment measures energy changes and specific heat based on the change in water temperature.

Calorimetry Equation

Calorimetry relation: -q_object = q_water + q_calorimeter.

Compound vs. Element

A substance that can be decomposed is classified as a compound.

Conductivity Classification

A substance that conducts electricity in water is classified as ionic.

Matter Theories

Continuous theory: matter can be divided indefinitely, implying long, unbroken substances.
Discontinuous theory: matter consists of tiny, individual particles.

Laws of Chemistry

Law of mass conservation: Matter cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes form.
Law of definite proportions: The element proportions in a compound remain constant.
Law of multiple proportions: Different compounds from two elements will have mass ratios represented as simple whole numbers.

Material Properties

A brittle, non-conductive substance is likely a nonmetal.

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Description

Test your knowledge of metric prefixes and measurement comparisons with these flashcards covering the essentials from Chemistry Modules 1 to 4. Engage with definitions, comparisons, and numerical results to solidify your understanding of basic chemistry concepts.