Questions and Answers
Which is NOT a diatomic molecule? (Select all that apply)
Which type of bond has one pair of electrons shared between atoms?
How many single covalent bonds can carbon form?
4
Multiple covalent bonds consist of which of these?
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Which type of bond has an electronegativity difference greater than 1.7?
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What molecular shape does the compound CCl4 have?
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Which is the correct name for the compound N2O3?
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Which is the correct name for the compound PCl5?
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Which is the correct name for the compound N2O4?
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Which is the correct formula for the compound dinitrogen monoxide?
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Which is the formula for the compound sulfur hexachloride?
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Which is the correct name for the compound HClO3?
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Which is the correct name for the compound HNO2?
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Which is the correct formula for the compound phosphoric acid?
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Fluorine belongs to group 7A. How many covalent bonds are formed between two fluorine atoms?
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How many pi bonds are there in a triple covalent bond?
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What is the suffix of the oxyanion?
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Which of the following compounds is an exception to the octet rule?
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Name the acid with the following chemical formula: H2SO4
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In naming the compound PCl5, the prefix used with the second element is ____________.
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The second part of the name of the compound NF3 is ________________.
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The name of the acid HI is _________________ acid.
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In the reaction between BF3 and NH3, a _______________ ________________ type of bond is formed.
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_____________ ______________ is the distance between the centers of the two nuclei of atoms bonded.
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The bent shape of a water molecule makes it ______________.
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A mole of potassium chloride (KCl) contains 6.02 x 10^23 __________________.
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SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance?
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What is Avogadro's number?
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The SI unit of molar mass is __________________.
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Which compound has the smallest molar mass?
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Methane (CH4) contains 75% carbon. What percentage of methane is hydrogen?
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The mole ratio of the elements in a compound's molecular formula is _________________________
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Percent by mass of each element in a compound?
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Formula of a compound with the smallest whole number mole ratio of the elements?
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Specifies the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound?
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Sodium bromide dihydrate is correctly written as ____________________.
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As a hydrated compound is heated, it decreases in __________________.
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Compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to its atom?
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What is the chemical state of the symbol (s)?
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What is the chemical state of the symbol (g)?
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What is the chemical state of the symbol (aq)?
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What is the chemical state of the symbol (l)?
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A number written in front of a chemical formula.
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A statement that uses chemical formulas to show the identities and relative amounts of the substances involved in a chemical reaction.
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A starting substance in a chemical reaction?
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A substance formed during a chemical reaction?
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Identify the type of chemical reaction: 2C2H6 (g) + 7O2 (g) —> 4CO2 (g) + 6H2O (g)
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Identify the type of chemical reaction: CO2 (g) + CaO (s) —> CaCO3 (s)
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Identify the type of chemical reaction: 2H2O2 (l) —> 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)
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Identify the type of chemical reaction: 2KOH (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) —> K2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
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Identify the type of chemical reaction: Mg (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) —> 2Ag (s) + Mg(NO3)2 (aq)
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A reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds.
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A solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution?
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A reaction in which oxygen combines with a substance and releases heat and light energy?
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A reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound?
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A reaction involving the exchange of positive ions between two compounds dissolved in water?
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The process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances?
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Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of ___________.
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In a balanced chemical equation, the numbers of individual particles and the numbers of moles of particles are represented by the _____________.
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Mole ratios for a reaction are obtained from the ________________.
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A(n) ______________ is a ratio between the number of moles of any two substances in a balanced chemical equation.
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Percent yield of a product is a measure of a reaction's ______________.
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The actual yield of a product is _______________.
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What is the equation for Boyle's Law?
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What is the equation for Charles's Law?
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What is the equation for Gay-Lussac's Law?
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The pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the Kelvin temperature when the volume remains constant?
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The volume of a given amount of gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure?
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The volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature at constant pressure?
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Consider the ideal gas law and the ideal gas constant. What information do you need in order to determine the volume of the gas if you know the pressure, the temperature, and the ideal gas constant?
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What is the equation for the Ideal Gas Law?
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What variable is mentioned in the ideal gas law that is assumed to be constant in the other gas laws?
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R represents the relationship among pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of gas present. What is 'R'?
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The physical behavior of an ideal gas can be expressed in terms of the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of gas present?
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Additional gas is added to a soccer ball. The pressure ______________.
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An inflated balloon is placed in a refrigerator. The volume _______________.
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A piston in an engine compresses the gas into a smaller volume. The pressure ________________.
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Compressed air in scuba tanks cools off as a diver swims at deeper levels. The pressure in the tanks ___________________.
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____________ _______________ states that the volume of one mole of any gas at STP is 22.4 L.
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What are the conditions known as standard temperature and pressure (STP)?
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In the combined gas law, this variable is always constant.
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In the combined gas law, this variable is inversely proportional to pressure.
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In the combined gas law, this variable is directly proportional to volume.
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What is the equation for the combined gas law?
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What volume will one mole of a gas occupy under standard temperature and pressure?
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Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.
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Temperature, pressure, and volume are related for a fixed amount of gas.
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Study Notes
Bonding and Molecular Structure
- Boron is not a diatomic molecule, in contrast to fluorine, nitrogen, and bromine.
- Single covalent bonds involve sharing one pair of electrons between atoms.
- Carbon can form four single covalent bonds due to its tetravalent nature.
- Multiple covalent bonds consist of one sigma bond and can include one or two pi bonds.
Types of Chemical Bonds
- Ionic bonds typically occur when the electronegativity difference between atoms exceeds 1.7.
Molecular Geometry
- The molecular shape of CCl4 is tetrahedral.
Naming Compounds
- N2O3 is named dinitrogen trioxide.
- PCl5 is referred to as phosphorus pentachloride.
- N2O4 is known as dinitrogen tetroxide.
- The correct formula for dinitrogen monoxide is N2O.
- The formula for sulfur hexachloride is SCl6.
Acids and Their Formulas
- HClO3 is named chloric acid.
- HNO2 is called nitrous acid.
- Phosphoric acid is represented by the formula H3PO4.
Covalent Bonds and Molecular Composition
- Fluorine, belonging to group 7A, forms one covalent bond with another fluorine atom.
- A triple covalent bond contains two pi bonds.
- The suffix of the oxyanion corresponding to an oxyacid ending in -ic acid is -ate.
Exceptions to the Octet Rule
- BH3 is an example of a compound that violates the octet rule.
Chemical States
- The state (s) denotes solid, (g) indicates gas, (aq) stands for aqueous, and (l) represents liquid.
Chemical Equations and Reactions
- A coefficient is a number placed in front of a chemical formula in a balanced equation.
- A reactant is the starting substance in a chemical reaction, and a product is formed during the reaction.
- Types of chemical reactions include combustion, synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement.
Stoichiometry
- Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass.
- Percent composition describes the mass percentage of each element in a compound.
- The empirical formula represents the smallest whole number mole ratio in a compound, while the molecular formula details the actual number of atoms in a molecule.
Gas Laws
- Boyle's Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely related to its pressure at constant temperature (P1V1 = P2V2).
- Charles's Law describes the direct proportionality of gas volume to its Kelvin temperature at constant pressure (V1/T1 = V2/T2).
- Gay-Lussac's Law notes that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant volume (P1/T1 = P2/T2).
Ideal Gas Law
- The Ideal Gas Law equation is PV = nRT, where R is the ideal gas constant.
- Avogadro's principle states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.
- Under standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is defined as 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm pressure, one mole of gas occupies 22.4 L.
Combined Gas Law
- The combined gas law relates temperature, pressure, and volume for a fixed amount of gas, represented as P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2.
Additional Concepts
- Percent yield indicates the efficiency of a reaction and is a comparison of the actual yield to the theoretical yield.
- The actual yield is the amount of product measured experimentally.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on key chemistry concepts with these flashcards. Covering topics such as diatomic molecules, types of covalent bonds, and carbon bonding capacity, this quiz is perfect for students preparing for chemistry exams.
