Chemistry Exam Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which is NOT a diatomic molecule? (Select all that apply)

  • Bromine
  • Nitrogen
  • Fluorine
  • Boron (correct)

    • Which type of bond has one pair of electrons shared between atoms?

  • Triple covalent
  • Ionic
  • Single covalent (correct)
  • Double covalent

    • How many single covalent bonds can carbon form?

    4

    Multiple covalent bonds consist of which of these?

    <p>1 sigma bond and 1 or 2 pi bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond has an electronegativity difference greater than 1.7?

    <p>Ionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecular shape does the compound CCl4 have?

    <p>Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct name for the compound N2O3?

    <p>Dinitrogen trioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct name for the compound PCl5?

    <p>Phosphorus pentachloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct name for the compound N2O4?

    <p>Dinitrogen tetroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct formula for the compound dinitrogen monoxide?

    <p>N2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the formula for the compound sulfur hexachloride?

    <p>SCl6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct name for the compound HClO3?

    <p>Chloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct name for the compound HNO2?

    <p>Nitrous acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct formula for the compound phosphoric acid?

    <p>H3PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluorine belongs to group 7A. How many covalent bonds are formed between two fluorine atoms?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pi bonds are there in a triple covalent bond?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix of the oxyanion?

    <p>-ate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is an exception to the octet rule?

    <p>BH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the acid with the following chemical formula: H2SO4

    <p>Sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In naming the compound PCl5, the prefix used with the second element is ____________.

    <p>Penta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The second part of the name of the compound NF3 is ________________.

    <p>Trifluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The name of the acid HI is _________________ acid.

    <p>Hydroionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction between BF3 and NH3, a _______________ ________________ type of bond is formed.

    <p>Coordinate covalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____________ ______________ is the distance between the centers of the two nuclei of atoms bonded.

    <p>Bond length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bent shape of a water molecule makes it ______________.

    <p>Polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A mole of potassium chloride (KCl) contains 6.02 x 10^23 __________________.

    <p>Formula units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance?

    <p>Mole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Avogadro's number?

    <p>6.02 x 10^23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SI unit of molar mass is __________________.

    <p>Gram/mole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound has the smallest molar mass?

    <p>H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methane (CH4) contains 75% carbon. What percentage of methane is hydrogen?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mole ratio of the elements in a compound's molecular formula is _________________________

    <p>A multiple of the mole ratio of the elements in its empirical formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Percent by mass of each element in a compound?

    <p>Percent composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Formula of a compound with the smallest whole number mole ratio of the elements?

    <p>Empirical formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Specifies the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound?

    <p>Molecular formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sodium bromide dihydrate is correctly written as ____________________.

    <p>NaBr · 2H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As a hydrated compound is heated, it decreases in __________________.

    <p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to its atom?

    <p>Hydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical state of the symbol (s)?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical state of the symbol (g)?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical state of the symbol (aq)?

    <p>Aqueous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical state of the symbol (l)?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A number written in front of a chemical formula.

    <p>Coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A statement that uses chemical formulas to show the identities and relative amounts of the substances involved in a chemical reaction.

    <p>Chemical equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A starting substance in a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance formed during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the type of chemical reaction: 2C2H6 (g) + 7O2 (g) —> 4CO2 (g) + 6H2O (g)

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the type of chemical reaction: CO2 (g) + CaO (s) —> CaCO3 (s)

    <p>Synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the type of chemical reaction: 2H2O2 (l) —> 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the type of chemical reaction: 2KOH (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) —> K2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

    <p>Double replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the type of chemical reaction: Mg (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) —> 2Ag (s) + Mg(NO3)2 (aq)

    <p>Single replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds.

    <p>Decomposition reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution?

    <p>Precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A reaction in which oxygen combines with a substance and releases heat and light energy?

    <p>Combustion reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound?

    <p>Single replacement reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A reaction involving the exchange of positive ions between two compounds dissolved in water?

    <p>Double replacement reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances?

    <p>Chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of ___________.

    <p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a balanced chemical equation, the numbers of individual particles and the numbers of moles of particles are represented by the _____________.

    <p>Coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mole ratios for a reaction are obtained from the ________________.

    <p>Balanced chemical equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A(n) ______________ is a ratio between the number of moles of any two substances in a balanced chemical equation.

    <p>Mole ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Percent yield of a product is a measure of a reaction's ______________.

    <p>Efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The actual yield of a product is _______________.

    <p>Measured experimentally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for Boyle's Law?

    <p>P1V1 = P2V2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for Charles's Law?

    <p>V1/T1 = V2/T2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for Gay-Lussac's Law?

    <p>P1/T1 = P2/T2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the Kelvin temperature when the volume remains constant?

    <p>Gay Lussac's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The volume of a given amount of gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure?

    <p>Boyle's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature at constant pressure?

    <p>Charles's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consider the ideal gas law and the ideal gas constant. What information do you need in order to determine the volume of the gas if you know the pressure, the temperature, and the ideal gas constant?

    <p>The number of moles of the gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the Ideal Gas Law?

    <p>PV = nRT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What variable is mentioned in the ideal gas law that is assumed to be constant in the other gas laws?

    <p>Number of moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    R represents the relationship among pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of gas present. What is 'R'?

    <p>Ideal gas constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The physical behavior of an ideal gas can be expressed in terms of the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of gas present?

    <p>Ideal Gas Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Additional gas is added to a soccer ball. The pressure ______________.

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An inflated balloon is placed in a refrigerator. The volume _______________.

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A piston in an engine compresses the gas into a smaller volume. The pressure ________________.

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compressed air in scuba tanks cools off as a diver swims at deeper levels. The pressure in the tanks ___________________.

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____________ _______________ states that the volume of one mole of any gas at STP is 22.4 L.

    <p>Avogadro's principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the conditions known as standard temperature and pressure (STP)?

    <p>0 degrees Celsius and 1.00 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the combined gas law, this variable is always constant.

    <p>Number of moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the combined gas law, this variable is inversely proportional to pressure.

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the combined gas law, this variable is directly proportional to volume.

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the combined gas law?

    <p>P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What volume will one mole of a gas occupy under standard temperature and pressure?

    <p>22.4 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.

    <p>Avogadro's principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temperature, pressure, and volume are related for a fixed amount of gas.

    <p>Combined Gas Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bonding and Molecular Structure

    • Boron is not a diatomic molecule, in contrast to fluorine, nitrogen, and bromine.
    • Single covalent bonds involve sharing one pair of electrons between atoms.
    • Carbon can form four single covalent bonds due to its tetravalent nature.
    • Multiple covalent bonds consist of one sigma bond and can include one or two pi bonds.

    Types of Chemical Bonds

    • Ionic bonds typically occur when the electronegativity difference between atoms exceeds 1.7.

    Molecular Geometry

    • The molecular shape of CCl4 is tetrahedral.

    Naming Compounds

    • N2O3 is named dinitrogen trioxide.
    • PCl5 is referred to as phosphorus pentachloride.
    • N2O4 is known as dinitrogen tetroxide.
    • The correct formula for dinitrogen monoxide is N2O.
    • The formula for sulfur hexachloride is SCl6.

    Acids and Their Formulas

    • HClO3 is named chloric acid.
    • HNO2 is called nitrous acid.
    • Phosphoric acid is represented by the formula H3PO4.

    Covalent Bonds and Molecular Composition

    • Fluorine, belonging to group 7A, forms one covalent bond with another fluorine atom.
    • A triple covalent bond contains two pi bonds.
    • The suffix of the oxyanion corresponding to an oxyacid ending in -ic acid is -ate.

    Exceptions to the Octet Rule

    • BH3 is an example of a compound that violates the octet rule.

    Chemical States

    • The state (s) denotes solid, (g) indicates gas, (aq) stands for aqueous, and (l) represents liquid.

    Chemical Equations and Reactions

    • A coefficient is a number placed in front of a chemical formula in a balanced equation.
    • A reactant is the starting substance in a chemical reaction, and a product is formed during the reaction.
    • Types of chemical reactions include combustion, synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement.

    Stoichiometry

    • Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass.
    • Percent composition describes the mass percentage of each element in a compound.
    • The empirical formula represents the smallest whole number mole ratio in a compound, while the molecular formula details the actual number of atoms in a molecule.

    Gas Laws

    • Boyle's Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely related to its pressure at constant temperature (P1V1 = P2V2).
    • Charles's Law describes the direct proportionality of gas volume to its Kelvin temperature at constant pressure (V1/T1 = V2/T2).
    • Gay-Lussac's Law notes that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant volume (P1/T1 = P2/T2).

    Ideal Gas Law

    • The Ideal Gas Law equation is PV = nRT, where R is the ideal gas constant.
    • Avogadro's principle states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.
    • Under standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is defined as 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm pressure, one mole of gas occupies 22.4 L.

    Combined Gas Law

    • The combined gas law relates temperature, pressure, and volume for a fixed amount of gas, represented as P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2.

    Additional Concepts

    • Percent yield indicates the efficiency of a reaction and is a comparison of the actual yield to the theoretical yield.
    • The actual yield is the amount of product measured experimentally.

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    Test your knowledge on key chemistry concepts with these flashcards. Covering topics such as diatomic molecules, types of covalent bonds, and carbon bonding capacity, this quiz is perfect for students preparing for chemistry exams.

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