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Chemistry Exam 1: Chapters 1-2 Flashcards
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Chemistry Exam 1: Chapters 1-2 Flashcards

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@PatriLavender

Questions and Answers

Which are examples of matter? (Select all that apply)

  • Energy
  • Water (correct)
  • Sound
  • Air (correct)
  • Heat

    • Which are a mixture? (Select all that apply)

  • Air (correct)
  • Bronze (correct)
  • Milk (correct)
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Chlorine

    • Which are a pure substance? (Select all that apply)

  • Milk
  • Bronze
  • Air
  • Chlorine (correct)
  • Carbon Dioxide (correct)

    • Which are a mixture? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are a compound? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are an element? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these mixtures are heterogeneous? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Oil and Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Homogeneous mixtures have uniform properties throughout.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heterogeneous mixtures contain more than one part, and each part has its own properties.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pure substances only contain one type of substance and nothing else.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Components of a homogeneous mixture are visibly distinct.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The components of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures cannot be separated.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape and volume of solids?

    <p>Shape: fixed, Volume: fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape and volume of liquids?

    <p>Shape: variable, Volume: fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape and volume of gases?

    <p>Shape: variable, Volume: variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the items adopts neither the shape nor the volume of its container?

    <p>Coin in a bag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the statements describes a chemical property? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Antacid tablets neutralize stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are physical properties? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are chemical properties? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Susceptibility to rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the changes are chemical changes? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Gasoline is burned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the changes are chemical changes? (Select all that apply)

    <p>The copper roof turns green over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are a physical change? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Grass in a yard is cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are a chemical change? (Select all that apply)

    <p>A chemistry book is burned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is potential energy?

    <p>The energy stored due to an object's position or state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is kinetic energy?

    <p>The energy of an object in motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the examples represent potential energy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>A stretched rubber band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hypothesis?

    <p>An untested explanation based upon observation or known facts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a theory?

    <p>An explanation that has been tested and verified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a law?

    <p>A description that predicts what happens, but does not explain how.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the statements about hypothesis and theories is true?

    <p>A scientific theory summarizes a hypothesis that has been supported with repeated testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between composition and structure? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Structure refers to the arrangement of simpler substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an element and a compound? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Compounds consist of two or more elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>A homogeneous mixture of various gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fluorine gas?

    <p>An example of an element made up of only fluorine atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is carbon monoxide?

    <p>A compound made of carbon and oxygen atoms in a 1:1 ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alloy of tin and gold?

    <p>A homogeneous mixture of gold and tin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phosphorus trichloride?

    <p>A compound containing phosphorus and chlorine atoms in a 1:3 ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does particle movement differ in a solid, a liquid, and a gas?

    <p>Solids vibrate in fixed positions, liquids move freely but are close together, and gases move freely and interact minimally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a solid?

    <p>A substance that has a definite shape and a definite volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gas?

    <p>A substance that fills its container and takes on the shape of the container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a liquid?

    <p>A substance made up of particles that are close together but able to move freely past each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of shimmering paint on a new truck?

    <p>Physical, because we can observe color without changing the identity of the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if a metal wire conducts electricity?

    <p>Physical, because measuring the conductivity of the metal doesn't change the identity of the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when magnesium reacts with hydrogen chloride gas?

    <p>Chemical, because magnesium metal changes its identity to form a new compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when eggs are cooked?

    <p>Chemical, because the egg changes its identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed when water is heated to become steam?

    <p>Physical, because steam is still water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when sugar dissolves in water?

    <p>Physical, because the sugar has not been altered in its structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when charcoal burns?

    <p>Chemical, because charcoal changes its identity to form carbon dioxide and ash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during digestion?

    <p>Chemical, because the identity of the original molecules within the stomach are now different following digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a chocolate bar is melted?

    <p>Physical, because the bar's shape has changed, but its identity has not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Matter and Mixtures

    • Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, examples include air, water, and sand.
    • Mixtures consist of two or more substances that are physically combined, examples are air, milk, and bronze.
    • Pure substances have a consistent composition and distinct properties, such as chlorine and carbon dioxide.

    Types of Mixtures

    • Homogeneous mixtures have uniform properties throughout, while heterogeneous mixtures contain visibly distinct components.
    • Examples of heterogeneous mixtures include granite and oil and water.
    • An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of metals, like gold and tin.

    States of Matter

    • Solids have a fixed shape and volume; particles vibrate in fixed positions.
    • Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container; particles are close but can move past each other.
    • Gases have neither fixed shape nor volume; particles are far apart and move freely.

    Physical vs. Chemical Properties

    • Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of the substance, such as color or boiling point.
    • Chemical properties relate to a substance's ability to undergo chemical changes, like flammability or reactivity.

    Physical and Chemical Changes

    • A physical change alters a substance's form but not its identity, such as melting ice or dissolving sugar.
    • A chemical change transforms substances into new products, exemplified by rust forming on iron or magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid.

    Energy Concepts

    • Potential energy is stored energy based on an object's position, like a roller coaster at the top of a hill.
    • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, involved in moving objects.

    Scientific Method

    • A hypothesis is an untested explanation based on observations, while a theory is a well-tested and confirmed explanation.
    • A scientific law describes consistent observations in nature without explaining why they occur.

    Units of Measurement

    • SI units include kilograms for mass, meters for length, Kelvin for temperature, and seconds for time.
    • Prefixes denote multiples or fractions of units, such as kilo (10^3) or micro (10^-6).

    Properties of Elements and Compounds

    • Elements consist of one type of atom, like fluorine or titanium.
    • Compounds are formed from two or more elements chemically combined in fixed ratios, such as carbon monoxide or phosphorus trichloride.

    Measurement Accuracy and Precision

    • Accuracy refers to how close measurements are to an accepted value, while precision describes how close measurements are to each other.

    Chemical Reactions and Energy Changes

    • Chemical reactions, such as burning wood or cooking eggs, involve changes in identity and often release or absorb energy.
    • Endothermic processes absorb heat, like water changing to steam, while exothermic processes release heat during a reaction.

    Composition and Structure

    • Composition refers to the components of a material, while structure includes both composition and arrangement.
    • Understanding the differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures is crucial in chemistry.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of fundamental chemistry concepts with these flashcards covering chapters 1 and 2. Engage with terms related to matter, mixtures, and pure substances to enhance your understanding of basic chemistry principles.

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