Chemistry: Distillation Process
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the aims of distillation?

  • Enhancement of flavor
  • Purification of liquid organic substances (correct)
  • Reduction of temperature
  • Increase in pressure

    • Which method is NOT a type of distillation?

  • Filtration (correct)
  • Steam distillation
  • Fractional distillation
  • Vacuum distillation

    • What can be determined using the distillation process?

  • Viscosity
  • Density
  • Boiling point (correct)
  • Color

    • Which description fits steam distillation?

    <p>Uses steam to carry volatile compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many main types of distillation are there?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does distillation rely on to separate components in a liquid mixture?

    <p>The differences in boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is described as the purification of liquid organic compounds by converting them into vapor and then back into liquid?

    <p>Distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which apparatus is necessary to measure the temperature during distillation?

    <p>Thermometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In distillation, which component condenses the vapor back into liquid?

    <p>Condenser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential characteristic of components that allows distillation to separate them?

    <p>Different boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is vacuum distillation primarily used for?

    <p>Separation of liquids with high boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does vacuum distillation overcome the difficulties associated with high boiling points?

    <p>By lowering the pressure over the substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a substance be suitable for vacuum distillation?

    <p>It has a high boiling point or is heat unstable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does lowering the pressure have on the boiling point of a substance in vacuum distillation?

    <p>Lowers the boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property makes a substance difficult to distill without vacuum distillation?

    <p>High boiling point or heat instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boiling point range suitable for simple distillation?

    <p>30 °C to 150 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically part of a simple distillation apparatus?

    <p>Fractionating column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the condenser in the simple distillation process?

    <p>To condense the vapor back into liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simple distillation is only effective for liquids that are:

    <p>Stable to heat and have boiling points between 30 °C and 150 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical requirement for the liquids used in simple distillation?

    <p>Must be stable to heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of steam distillation?

    <p>Separating water immiscible compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compounds are separated from non-volatile by-products using steam distillation?

    <p>Low volatility water immiscible compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of compound is not typically separated using steam distillation?

    <p>High volatility compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms as by-products in many reactions separated by steam distillation?

    <p>Non-volatile tarry products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of equipment mentioned is associated with steam distillation?

    <p>Safety tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function does a fractionating column serve in fractional distillation?

    <p>To provide a surface for repeated vaporization and condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is essential for maintaining controlled boiling ranges during fractional distillation?

    <p>Fractionating column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the process of collecting separate fractions based on boiling ranges?

    <p>Fractional distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the distillation apparatus introduces cold water?

    <p>Cold water in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between fractional distillation and other types of distillation?

    <p>It involves collecting fractions based on boiling ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the simple distillation experiment?

    <p>Purification of Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pieces of boiling chips should you add to the boiling flask?

    <p>2-3 pieces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do with the first 2-3 ml of the distillate?

    <p>Discard it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what rate should the distillation proceed?

    <p>2-3 drops per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much ethanol should be collected during the distillation process?

    <p>30-60 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an azeotropic mixture?

    <p>A mixture of two or more liquids, where the proportions of the liquids cannot be altered by simple distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't the proportions of liquids in an azeotropic mixture be altered by simple distillation?

    <p>Because the vapor pressure has the same proportions of constituents as the liquid mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does the azeotropic mixture of 95% Ethyl alcohol and 5% water boil?

    <p>78.15°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the boiling points of ethyl alcohol and water respectively?

    <p>78.15°C and 100°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about an azeotropic mixture?

    <p>Its vapor pressure has different proportions of constituents than the liquid mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Distillation

    • Distillation is a method of separation of components from a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling points and distributions between liquid and gas phases.
    • It involves purification of liquid organic compounds by conversion to vapor state with heat and condensation of vapors to liquid state.

    Aim of Distillation

    • Purification of liquid organic substances
    • Determination of boiling point
    • Separation of liquid organic substances from each other or from a solid compound

    Types of Distillation

    • Simple distillation: for separation of liquids with boiling points ranging from 30°C to 150°C, stable to heat
    • Vacuum distillation: for separation of liquids with high boiling points or unstable to heat
    • Steam distillation: for separation of water immiscible compounds of low volatility from non-volatile tarry products
    • Fractional distillation: for separation of mixtures with components having boiling points differing by only a few degrees

    Fractional Distillation

    • Employs a fractionating column in the distillation apparatus
    • Collects separate fractions according to controlled boiling ranges during distillation of a mixture of substances

    Simple Distillation Procedure

    • Put 100 ml of ethanol in a boiling flask
    • Add 2-3 pieces of boiling chips
    • Start water running slowly through the condenser
    • Heat until boiling, then adjust temperature for 2-3 drops per second
    • Discard the first 2-3 ml of distillate, then collect 30-60 ml
    • Record the boiling point of the liquid, Ethanol

    Azeotropic Mixture

    • A mixture of two or more liquids where proportions cannot be altered by simple distillation
    • Example: 95% Ethyl alcohol and 5% water produce an azeotropic mixture, boiling at 78.15°C

    Boiling Points

    • Ethyl alcohol: 78.15°C
    • Water: 100°C

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    Description

    Learn about the distillation process, a method of separation and purification of liquid mixtures, and its components such as thermometers and condensers.

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