Chemistry Displacement Reactions and Composites

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following metals is more reactive than copper?

  • Iron (correct)
  • Magnesium (correct)
  • Aluminium (correct)
  • All of the above

What is the product of the reaction between magnesium and copper sulfate?

  • Magnesium sulfate and copper (correct)
  • Magnesium hydroxide and copper
  • Magnesium oxide and copper sulfate
  • Magnesium chloride and copper sulfate

What is the balanced chemical equation for the thermite reaction?

  • Al(s) + Feâ‚‚O₃(s) → Alâ‚‚O₃(s) + Fe(s)
  • 2Al(s) + 3Feâ‚‚O₃(s) → Alâ‚‚O₃(s) + 6Fe(s)
  • 2Al(s) + Feâ‚‚O₃(s) → Alâ‚‚O₃(s) + 2Fe(s) (correct)
  • Al(s) + 3Feâ‚‚O₃(s) → Alâ‚‚O₃(s) + 3Fe(s)

Which of the following pairs of substances will react in a displacement reaction?

<p>Aluminium and copper sulfate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a displacement reaction?

<p>A more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the thermite reaction considered exothermic?

<p>It releases heat into its surroundings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium with water?

<p>2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the reactivity series is TRUE?

<p>The reactivity series lists metals in order of decreasing reactivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties of CFRP makes it suitable for use in bicycle frames?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gluelike polymer in CFRP?

<p>To bind the carbon fibers together. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why some cyclists prefer CFRP bicycles to steel bicycles?

<p>CFRP bicycles are less expensive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Airbus A380, what is the purpose of the glass-fiber-reinforced aluminium composite?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a composite material and a compound?

<p>A composite material is a mixture of substances, while a compound is a chemically combined substance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the properties of a composite material differ from the properties of its constituent materials?

<p>The composite material's properties are a combination of its components' properties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the use of different amounts of straw in each block in Callum's experiment?

<p>To test the effect of varying the amount of one component on the strength of the composite material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid variable to control in Callum's experiment to ensure fairness?

<p>The type of straw used in each block. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main process involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks?

<p>Weathering and erosion of existing rocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks?

<p>They are generally hard and resistant to scratching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of weathering involves the breakdown of rocks due to temperature changes?

<p>Physical weathering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of physical weathering?

<p>Water freezing in cracks and expanding, causing the rock to break (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Earth's troposphere?

<p>It is where most weather occurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is found in the largest amount in the Earth's atmosphere?

<p>Nitrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of matter of the Earth's outer core?

<p>Liquid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Earth's mantle is primarily composed of what type of material?

<p>Solid rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the BEST definition of erosion?

<p>The process of moving sediments away from their original location. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a type of weathering?

<p>Erosion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between compaction and cementation?

<p>Compaction involves the weight of sediments above, while cementation involves a chemical reaction between sediments and other substances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sedimentary rocks often have layers. What is the main reason for this?

<p>Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments in layers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of igneous rocks?

<p>They are often porous. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of sedimentary rocks that makes them useful for building materials?

<p>They are often porous and easy to work with. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between igneous and metamorphic rocks?

<p>Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidifying of magma, while metamorphic rocks are formed from the transformation of existing rocks due to heat and pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of how sedimentary rocks are formed?

<p>Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals will react with dilute hydrochloric acid but not with oxygen?

<p>Gold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

<p>Magnesium oxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following state symbols represents a gas?

<p>(g) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observation is most likely to indicate a vigorous reaction between a metal and dilute hydrochloric acid?

<p>A rapid evolution of gas bubbles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the product formed when iron reacts with oxygen?

<p>Fe2O3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does gold stay shiny even after being exposed to air for a long time?

<p>Gold is unreactive and does not react with oxygen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general relationship between a metal's reactivity with dilute acids and its reactivity with oxygen?

<p>Metals that react vigorously with acids are generally reactive with oxygen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals is the most reactive based on the information provided?

<p>Magnesium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which of these is NOT a component used in the production of a packet of crisps?

<p>Iron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Earth is primarily composed of solid rock that can flow slowly?

<p>Mantle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method do scientists primarily use to understand the structure of the Earth's interior?

<p>Studying shock waves from earthquakes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary element found in the Earth's crust?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic that makes fibreglass a more suitable material for canoes than polyester resin alone?

<p>Higher strength when pulled (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Earth is primarily composed of liquid iron and nickel?

<p>Outer core (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what is NOT a source of materials used in a packet of crisps?

<p>Volcanoes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the Earth's mantle?

<p>Mainly composed of iron and nickel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reactivity of Metals

Some metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid, producing hydrogen gas and a salt.

Most Reactive Metal

Magnesium is the most reactive metal with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Gold and Acids

Gold does not react with dilute acids; it is unreactive.

Balanced Equation

The reaction of magnesium with oxygen is represented as 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO.

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State Symbols

State symbols (s) for solid and (g) for gas indicate physical states in chemical equations.

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Hydrogen Gas Test

To test if bubbles contain hydrogen, perform a 'pop' test with a lit splint.

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Reactivity Pattern

Metals that react vigorously with acids also react strongly with oxygen.

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Oxygen Reaction

Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide, even in air.

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Reinforced Concrete

A composite material made of steel bars surrounded by concrete, enhancing strength.

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Composite Material

A combination of two or more materials that produces different properties than individual materials.

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Steel Properties

Steel is strong under stretching forces, providing tensile strength in composites.

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Concrete Properties

Concrete resists compression but fails under tension, making it brittle when stretched.

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Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP)

A lightweight, rust-resistant composite made of carbon fibres and a polymer, used for bicycle frames.

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Advantages of CFRP

Lower density, non-rusting, strong, and moldable into shapes - but expensive and fragile when crashed.

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Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Aluminium

A composite material made of layers of aluminium and glass fibre joined by a polymer, used in aircraft.

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Composite Strength Comparison

An experimental process to test the strength of different composite material mixtures and their proportions.

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Reactivity Series

An ordered list of elements based on their reactivity with other substances.

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Displacement Reaction

A reaction where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound.

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Thermite Reaction

An exothermic reaction between aluminum and a metal oxide, producing molten metal.

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Copper Uses

Copper is used in electric cables, water pipes, and computer parts.

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Balanced Equation for Sodium Reaction

Na + H₂O → NaOH + H₂ (sodium reacts with water).

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Iron Displacing Copper

Iron is more reactive than copper and can displace it from copper sulfate.

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Magnesium and Copper Reaction

Magnesium displaces copper from copper sulfate solution.

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Aluminum Displacing Iron

Aluminum displaces iron from its oxide in the thermite reaction.

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Troposphere

The layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth, extending up to about 10 km.

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Composition of Troposphere

Mainly consists of oxygen and nitrogen, with small amounts of argon and carbon dioxide.

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Sedimentary Rocks

Rocks made from grains or fragments of older rocks, often soft and porous.

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Physical Weathering

The process where rocks break down due to temperature changes and freeze-thaw cycles.

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Chemical Weathering

When rainwater reacts with rocks due to acids, leading to breakdown.

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Weathering Stages

Includes processes like physical and chemical weathering that create sediments.

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Properties of Sedimentary Rocks

They are porous, soft, and made up of separate grains that can be seen with a hand lens.

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Air and Water in Rocks

Sedimentary rocks have gaps between grains allowing air or water to enter.

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Fibreglass vs. Polyester Resin

Fibreglass has higher density and strength than polyester resin.

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Density of Fibreglass

Fibreglass density is 1.6 g/cm³, higher than polyester resin at 1.3 g/cm³.

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Strength when pulled

Fibreglass has a pulling strength of 250 MPa, compared to 55 MPa for polyester resin.

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Strength when squashed

Fibreglass strength when squashed is 150 MPa, while polyester resin is 140 MPa.

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Layers of the Earth

The Earth has four layers: crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.

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Earth's Crust Composition

The crust is mainly made of oxygen (46.4%) and silicon (28.2%).

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Atmosphere Composition

The atmosphere is a mixture of gases surrounding the Earth.

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Materials for Crisps

Crisps ingredients come from plants, sea salt, and bauxite for packaging.

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Biological Weathering

Weathering caused by plants and animals breaking up rocks.

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Erosion

The process of moving sediments away from their original rock.

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Transport

Processes that move sediments far from their original location.

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Deposition

The process where sediments settle in one place after being transported.

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Compaction

The process where the weight of upper sediments squashes the lower ones together.

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Cementation

Another substance binds sediments together over time.

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Igneous Rock

Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of liquid rock.

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Properties of Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks are hard and durable, making them useful for construction.

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Study Notes

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