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Questions and Answers
What is absolute zero?
What is absolute zero?
- A temperature that is always below -273.15 degrees Celsius.
- A temperature reading made relative to the freezing point of water.
- The lowest temperature possible where atoms stop all movement. (correct)
- A state where chemical bonds completely vibrate.
What defines an acid according to the provided vocabulary?
What defines an acid according to the provided vocabulary?
- Any compound with a pH greater than 7.
- A substance that does not change color in litmus paper.
- Anything that releases OH⁻ ions in water.
- Anything that gives off H⁺ ions in water. (correct)
What is the purpose of the acid dissociation constant (Kₐ)?
What is the purpose of the acid dissociation constant (Kₐ)?
- To determine the amount of acid produced in a reaction.
- To compare the concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base. (correct)
- To indicate the pH level of a solution.
- To measure the strength of a strong acid.
What does activation energy refer to?
What does activation energy refer to?
Which of the following best describes an alkene?
Which of the following best describes an alkene?
What are alkali metals?
What are alkali metals?
What is an activated complex in chemical reactions?
What is an activated complex in chemical reactions?
What is an alloy?
What is an alloy?
What is the role of an acid anhydride?
What is the role of an acid anhydride?
What are allotropes?
What are allotropes?
Flashcards
Absolute Zero
Absolute Zero
The lowest possible temperature where atomic motion essentially stops.
Absolute Temperature
Absolute Temperature
A temperature scale that starts at absolute zero, with 0 Kelvin being the coldest possible temperature.
Accuracy
Accuracy
A measure of how close a measured value is to the true value.
Acid
Acid
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Addition Reaction
Addition Reaction
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Activation Energy
Activation Energy
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Adsorption
Adsorption
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Alcohol
Alcohol
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Aldehyde
Aldehyde
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Alloy
Alloy
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Study Notes
Absolute Temperature
- A temperature reading relative to absolute zero
- Uses the unit of Kelvins
Absolute Zero
- The lowest possible temperature
- Atoms stop moving completely at this point (though bonds still vibrate slightly)
Accuracy
- How close a measured value is to the true value
- Example: If someone is six feet tall, measuring them as six feet one inch is fairly accurate. Measuring them as twelve feet is inaccurate.
Acid
- Substances releasing H+ ions in water
- Has a pH less than 7
- Dissolves metals like in water
- Turns litmus paper red and phenolphthalein colorless
Acid Anhydride
- An oxide that produces an acid when added to water
- Example: SO3 forms sulfuric acid (H2SO4) when combined with water
Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka)
- Ratio of conjugate base and acid concentrations when weak acid dissociates in water
- Example: if conjugate base is 0.5 M and acid is 10 M, Ka = 0.05
Activated Complex
- Intermediate state in a chemical reaction
- Reactants join together before becoming products
Activation Energy
- Minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur
- Can be very small (like sparking gasoline) or very high (like burning magnesium)
Activity Series
- Arranging elements in order of their reactivity with water and acids
Actual Yield
- Amount of product actually produced in a chemical reaction
- Represents the amount you can weigh.
Addition Reaction
- Atoms add to a carbon-carbon multiple bond
Adsorption
- One substance collecting on the surface of another
Alcohol
- Organic molecule containing an -OH group
Aldehyde
- Organic molecule containing a -COH group
Alkali Metals
- Group I elements in the periodic table
Alkaline Earth Metals
- Group II elements in the periodic table
Alkane
- Organic molecule with only single carbon-carbon bonds
Alkene
- Organic molecule containing at least one C=C double bond
Alkyne
- Organic molecule containing at least one C≡C triple bond
Allotropes
- Different forms of an element in the same state
- Example: White and red phosphorus
Alloy
- Mixture of two or more metals
- Often stronger and harder than pure metals
Alpha Particle
- Radioactive particle equivalent to a helium nucleus (2 protons, 2 neutrons)
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