Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the reason tap water cannot be used for chemical analysis?
What is the reason tap water cannot be used for chemical analysis?
Tap water contains small quantities of dissolved substances.
Describe the process of fractional distillation in relation to crude oil.
Describe the process of fractional distillation in relation to crude oil.
Fractional distillation is used to separate raw crude oil into useful fractions based on their boiling points.
How did Dalton characterize atoms, and what was his atomic model known as?
How did Dalton characterize atoms, and what was his atomic model known as?
Dalton described atoms as tiny hard round spheres and his atomic model was called the billiard ball model.
Why are noble gases considered inert?
Why are noble gases considered inert?
What classification did Mendeleeve use for organizing elements in the periodic table, and what group did he overlook?
What classification did Mendeleeve use for organizing elements in the periodic table, and what group did he overlook?
What fundamental theory did John Dalton present regarding atoms?
What fundamental theory did John Dalton present regarding atoms?
How do groups in the periodic table affect the electrons in an atom?
How do groups in the periodic table affect the electrons in an atom?
What does a higher melting or boiling point indicate about a substance's particles?
What does a higher melting or boiling point indicate about a substance's particles?
What are the four key steps involved in the process of water purification?
What are the four key steps involved in the process of water purification?
Describe the process of dissolving in terms of solute and solvent.
Describe the process of dissolving in terms of solute and solvent.
What is the process of purifying seawater called?
What is the process of purifying seawater called?
Explain the significance of the RF (retention factor) in chromatography.
Explain the significance of the RF (retention factor) in chromatography.
What are the two changes of state that occur in simple distillation?
What are the two changes of state that occur in simple distillation?
Flashcards
Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass
The sum of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus.
Atomic Number
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Cooling Curve
Cooling Curve
A graph showing changes of state in relation to temperature and time.
Physical Change
Physical Change
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Relative Atomic Mass
Relative Atomic Mass
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Dissolving
Dissolving
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Retention Factor (RF)
Retention Factor (RF)
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Simple Distillation
Simple Distillation
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Fractional Distillation
Fractional Distillation
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Dalton's Atomic Model
Dalton's Atomic Model
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Reactivity and Electron Shells
Reactivity and Electron Shells
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Noble Gases
Noble Gases
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Periodic Table Organization
Periodic Table Organization
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Study Notes
Atomic Theory
- John Dalton proposed the first atomic theory, picturing atoms as tiny, hard spheres.
- Modern atomic models show atoms with roughly spherical electron shells.
- Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- Atomic number is the number of protons.
- Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
- Elements in the same period have increasing numbers of electron shells
Changes of State
- Cooling curves illustrate changes of state (e.g., melting, freezing) in relation to temperature.
- Changes of state involve physical changes (e.g., melting, freezing).
- Chemical changes can't be reversed easily.
- Volatiles are liquids with weak intermolecular forces that change state easily, while viscous liquids have strong intermolecular forces and are thick.
Chemical Changes & Dissolving
- Dissolving involves solvent molecules bombarding solute particles, breaking intermolecular forces.
- Chromatography separates substances based on different traveling speeds.
- Simple distillation separates liquids with different boiling points.
Water Purification
- Potable water is safe to drink.
- Water sources include reservoirs and aquifers.
- Water purification methods include screening, sedimentation, filtration, and sterilization (e.g., UV exposure).
Fractional Distillation
- Crude oil is separated into useful fractions through fractional distillation.
- Fractions include petroleum gas, petrol, kerosene, diesel, industrial fuel, lubricating oil, etc.
- Each fraction has a different boiling point, allowing for separation.
The Periodic Table
- Elements on the periodic table are organized by increasing atomic numbers.
- Different Groups on the Periodic Table have similar properties.
- Elements' properties determine how they are grouped.
- Some elements are reactive (often metals) while some are inert (noble gasses).
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