Chemistry Concepts and Theories
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Questions and Answers

What is the end product of the Boudouard process involving carbon and carbon dioxide?

  • CO2
  • CO (correct)
  • O2
  • H2O
  • In the cubic equation of state, what does the assumption for the middle root signify?

  • Depends on system
  • Standard significance (correct)
  • Large significance
  • No significance
  • Which statement accurately describes the Lee/Kesler correlation?

  • Applicable to polar and slightly polar compounds (correct)
  • Applicable to polar compounds only
  • Applicable to non-polar compounds only
  • Applicable to non-polar and slightly polar compounds
  • What is the primary process involved in the formation of nuclei during crystallization?

    <p>Primary nucleation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What force pattern is created when disintegrating a particle using two rigid forces?

    <p>Impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what condition does a mixture of silica and alumina form a eutectic?

    <p>97.5% SiO2 @ 1355°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the function of a screw conveyor?

    <p>Uses a helical blade to move materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product is derived from the distillation of coal tar?

    <p>Phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options is not a common cause of feedback on a telephone during rainy days?

    <p>Deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vessel is best supported by skirt supports?

    <p>Thick-walled vertical vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a zero-order reaction, the ratio of the volume of a backmix reactor to the volume of a plug-flow reactor is what?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is not considered exothermic?

    <p>Methanol synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor to consider when selecting a dryer?

    <p>Physical properties of the material to be dried</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the minimum temperature at which vapor above a liquid will continue to burn once ignited?

    <p>Fire point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to a particle when it reaches the grinding limit?

    <p>Breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition indicates a temperature in which reactor conditions can no longer be controlled?

    <p>Runaway temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ultrasonic flow meter utilizes the Doppler effect?

    <p>Doppler flow meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is classified as a pesticide?

    <p>Chlordane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method for removing fine particles in hot airstreams during cement production?

    <p>Venturi scrubber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which condition are fugacity and pressure numerically equal for a gas?

    <p>Ideal gas conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when the local static pressure in a fluid drops below the vapor pressure, causing damage from bubble formation?

    <p>Cavitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is least likely to prevent swirling or vortex formation during agitation?

    <p>Mounting the mixer closer to the center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which membrane separation process allows a component from a heated liquid to pass through a membrane at low pressure?

    <p>Pervaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a packed column, which equipment is most effective in preventing channeling?

    <p>Liquid distributor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory of resonance was developed to explain bonding structures of molecules not covered by the Lewis Octet Rule. Who developed this theory?

    <p>Linus Pauling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that generates glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon precursors during prolonged starvation?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used as a precursor of vinyl chloride in chemical processes?

    <p>Ethene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonding primarily contributes to the diamond structure?

    <p>Strong covalent bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When hydrogen is removed from a benzene ring, which compound is produced?

    <p>Phenyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the range of electronegativity is true?

    <p>0 to 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common coagulant is used for water purification?

    <p>Ferric Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MSDS stand for related to chemical safety communication?

    <p>Material Safety Data Sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the interchange of matter and energy between living beings and their environment?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound was produced by Alfred Baeyer through the combination of malonic acid and urea?

    <p>Barbituric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about dodecane is true?

    <p>It is combustible and a liquid at room temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the only natural amino acid that possesses no chiral center?

    <p>Glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take to detect antibodies in rabbit serum after the injection of a foreign substance?

    <p>1 to 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid has the highest nitrogen content by percentage?

    <p>Arginine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which atmospheric layer is temperature known to decrease with increasing altitude and gas concentration is low?

    <p>Mesosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of a duct that provides the same pressure drop as a rectangular duct known as?

    <p>Equivalent diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Resonance Theory

    • Developed by Linus Pauling
    • Explains bonding structures of molecules or ions not covered by Lewis Octet Rule

    Glucose Formation

    • Gluconeogenesis is the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon precursors during prolonged starvation

    Ethylene

    • Precursor of vinyl chloride

    Diamond Structure

    • Strong covalent bonding is responsible for its structure

    Aryl and Phenyl Groups

    • Aryl is the term used when hydrogen is removed from a benzene ring
    • Phenyl is an aryl group

    Electronegativity

    • Ranges from 0 to 4

    Magnesium Nitride

    • Magnesium reacts with nitrogen to produce magnesium nitride and hydrogen gas

    Water Purification

    • Ferric Sulphate is the most common coagulant used in water purification

    MSDS

    • Stands for Material Safety Data Sheet

    Sigma Bonds in Benzene

    • Each carbon atom in benzene has 3 sigma bonds

    Malic Acid

    • Predominant organic acid found in apples

    Olvanil

    • Contains 29 carbon atoms

    Amino Acids

    • 20 amino acids are found in human proteins

    Ozonolysis

    • Method for cleaving unsaturated bonds with ozone

    Amino Acid Sequencing

    • Method for sequencing amino acids by sequentially removing one residue at a time from the amino end of a peptide

    Metabolism

    • Set of processes performed by living beings that allow them to interchange matter and energy with their environment

    Barbituric Acid

    • Produced by combining malonic acid and urea

    Properties of Dodecane

    • Insoluble in water
    • Soluble in hexane
    • Combustible
    • Liquid at room temperature
    • Less dense than water

    Glycine

    • Only natural amino acid with no chiral center

    Antibody Production

    • Takes more than 2 weeks to find antibodies against a foreign substance in a rabbit serum

    Nitrogen Content in Amino Acids

    • Arginine has the highest percentage of nitrogen among the listed amino acids

    Mesosphere

    • Above the stratosphere, with low ozone and other gas concentrations
    • Temperature decreases with increasing altitude

    Equivalent Diameter

    • Diameter of a circular duct that gives the same pressure drop as a rectangular duct

    Control Systems

    • Cascade control systems minimize upset

    Plasticizers

    • Phthalate is a plasticizer used in PVC

    Natural Gas Dehydration

    • Monoethanolamine is a drying substance used in the dehydration and sweetening of natural gas

    Telephone Feedback

    • Oscillation causes feedback on the telephone during rainy days

    Skirt Supports

    • Most suitable for tall vertical vessels

    Zero-Order Reaction

    • Ratio of the volume of a backmix reactor to the volume of a plugflow reactor is greater than 1 for the same reactant conversion and conditions

    Dryer Selection

    • The physical properties of the material to be dried are the primary consideration in selecting a dryer

    Exothermic Processes

    • Catalytic cracking is not an exothermic process

    Reactor Design

    • Economics of the overall process is the primary consideration in searching for optimum efficiency in reactor design

    Power Plants

    • Petroleum refineries themselves are power plants

    Fire Point

    • Minimum temperature at which vapor above a liquid will continue to burn once ignited

    Hydrogen Production

    • Electrolysis is the most efficient process for hydrogen production, emitting the least amount of carbon

    Runaway Temperature

    • Temperature at which reactor conditions cannot be controlled

    Grinding Limit

    • At the grinding limit, there is no change in particle size

    Internal Energy

    • Internal energy has no concise thermodynamic definition and cannot be measured directly

    Boudouard Process

    • C + CO2 -> 2CO

    Cubic Equation of State

    • The middle root in the cubic equation of state has no significance

    Lee/Kesler Correlation

    • Applicable for non-polar and slightly polar compounds

    Crystallization

    • Formation of nuclei during crystallization is called primary nucleation

    Particle Disintegration

    • Impact is the dominant basic pattern of applied force when disintegrating a particle with two rigid forces

    Refractory Materials

    • A mixture of silica and alumina forms a eutectic at 96.0% SiO2 @ 1900oC

    Screw Conveyor

    • Transfers dry bulk materials from one area to another through air pressure

    Coal Tar Distillation

    • Phenol is produced by the distillation of coal tar

    Design Constraints

    • Plausible describes a design within external constraints
    • Probable describes likely candidates
    • Best describes the optimum design

    Earth Wax

    • Ozocerite is another name for earth wax

    Ultrasonic Flow Meters

    • Doppler is used in ultrasonic flow meters

    Pesticides

    • Polychlorinated biphenyl is not a pesticide

    Fine Particle Removal

    • Cyclone separators are commonly used in cement production to remove fine particles in hot airstream

    Fugacity and Pressure

    • Fugacity and pressure are numerically equal for an ideal gas

    Emissivity

    • A material's ability to radiate absorbed energy is called emissivity

    Cavitation

    • Occurs in a fluid flow system when local static pressure drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid
    • Results in damage to pumps and control valves

    Vortex Prevention

    • Mounting the mixer in an angular off-center position will not prevent swirling or vortex formation in agitation

    Pervaporation

    • Membrane separation process where a component from a heated liquid phase permeates through the membrane under low pressure

    Channeling Prevention

    • Liquid distributors prevent channeling in a packed column

    Chemical Plant Anatomy

    • Feed preparation is the first stage in the anatomy of a chemical manufacturing plant

    Reactor Types

    • Tubular flow reactors are best suited for very high-pressure gas phase reactions

    PRC Chairperson

    • Teofilo S. Pilando, Jr. is the PRC Chairperson

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    Description

    This quiz covers various important chemistry concepts, such as resonance theory, electronegativity, and the structure of diamond and benzene. It also explores biochemical processes like gluconeogenesis and key materials like magnesium nitride and ferric sulfate used in water purification. Test your understanding of chemical bonding, functional groups, and organic compounds.

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