Chemistry: Concentration of Solutions and Normality

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Questions and Answers

What is the concentration of the iron(II) sulfate solution prepared by adding 2.8 g of FeSO4·7H2O to 1 mL of conc. H2SO4 and diluting to 1 L?

0.01 M (correct)

2.0 M

1.0 M

0.1 M

What is the term for the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution?

Concentration

Solubility

Normality (correct)

Molarity

What is the purpose of a standard solution in quantitative analysis?

To provide a precise solution for quantitative analysis (correct)

To mix with other solutions to create a new solution

To prepare a saturated solution

To prepare a supersaturated solution

What is the term for a solution that contains more solute than equilibrium conditions allow?

Supersaturated solution Signup and view all the answers

When preparing a solution, what is the recommended order of addition?

Add solute to acid, then add water Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the substance that does the dissolving in a solution?

Solvent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following silver salts is moderately soluble?

Ag2SO4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of heating the solvent during solution preparation?

To increase the rate of solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of a sodium chloride solution that contains 58.5 g of NaCl per liter?

1.0 M Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to stir vigorously during solution preparation?

To ensure all the solute is dissolved Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pulverizing a solid on its solubility?

It increases the solubility of the solid Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a specific temperature?

The limited quantity of solute Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of the potassium ferrocyanide solution?

0.1 M Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of labeling chemicals clearly and permanently?

To avoid confusion and potential hazards in the future Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to heat the solution during preparation?

To aid dissolution of the solids Signup and view all the answers

What is the total volume of the Benedict's Quantitative Solution after preparation?

1 L Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding the copper sulfate solution to the 1-L flask?

To complete the preparation of the Benedict's Quantitative Solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of requirements for labeling a chemical?

5 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Insoluble Salts of Silver

All silver salts are insoluble, except for AgNO3 and AgClO4, which are soluble, and AgC2H3O2 and Ag2SO4, which are moderately soluble.

Factors Affecting Solubility

A solvent can only dissolve a limited quantity of solute at a definite temperature.
The rate of dissolving solids can be increased by:
- Pulverizing or grinding up the solid to increase the surface area
- Heating the solvent to increase molecular motion
- Stirring vigorously
Combinations of these methods can accelerate the dissolving process.

Definitions

Solute: The substance that is dissolved or has gone into solution (typically a solid).
Solvent: The substance that does the dissolving (typically a liquid, such as water or alcohol).
Solution: A uniform homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Normality (N): A concentration unit defined as the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution.
Standard Solution: A very precise solution, usually to 3-4 significant figures, used in quantitative analysis or analytical procedures.
Supersaturated Solution: A solution that contains more solute than equilibrium conditions allow, which is unstable and may precipitate upon slight agitation or addition of a single crystal.

Preparation of Solutions

To prepare a standard solution, add solid to acid solution, stir, then add to water, and dilute to 1 L.
To prepare a saturated solution, add solute to water until it no longer dissolves, then stir for 1 hour and filter.

Labeling and Safety

Always label chemicals clearly and permanently with:
- Identity of contents
- Concentration
- Date of preparation (if applicable)
- Hazard alert (if applicable)
- Your name

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Description

Test your knowledge of chemistry concepts, including the concentration of solutions, normality, and the properties of various compounds such as copper(II) sulfate, iron(II) sulfate, and iron(III) nitrate. This quiz covers the definitions and formulas related to these topics.