Chemistry Class: Metals and Non-Metals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are NOT properties of most metals?

high melting point

strong

hard

magnetic (correct)

brittle (correct)

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of metals?

sonorous

ductile

lustrous

malleable

brittle (correct)

Copper is magnetic.

False

What are the two substances that react in a chemical reaction called?

reactants Signup and view all the answers

What are the substances that are produced in a chemical reaction called?

products Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for a neutralization reaction?

Acid + Alkali -> Salt + Water Signup and view all the answers

The ______ scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

pH Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is released when acids react with metal carbonates?

carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

All metals react with acids to produce hydrogen gas.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an acid?

sodium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an alkali?

all of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to rain that is more acidic than normal?

Acid rain Signup and view all the answers

Acid rain only affects buildings and statues.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main acidic gases that contribute to acid rain?

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (N2O, NO, NO2) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these substances has the lowest pH?

car battery acid Signup and view all the answers

Acid rain is dangerous because it acts quickly and causes rapid damage.

False Signup and view all the answers

How does acid rain affect buildings?

Acid rain reacts with and dissolves rocks such as limestone, leading to the deterioration of buildings made from these materials. Signup and view all the answers

Acid rain can reduce the growth of plants, including food crops.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are metal carbonates?

Metal carbonates are chemical compounds that contain a metal cation (positive ion) combined with the carbonate anion (CO3^2-) Signup and view all the answers

Metal carbonates can neutralize acids.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of carbonates?

Carbon and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metals and Non-Metals

Metals have characteristics like luster (shininess), flexibility, ductility (ability to be drawn into wires), malleability (ability to be hammered into sheets), sonorousness (producing a ringing sound when hit), and conductivity (ability to conduct electricity and heat).
Some metals are magnetic (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel) while others are not (e.g., copper)
Chemical reactions produce new substances, represented by word equations or symbol equations.
Word equations simply show the reactants and products.
Symbol equations indicate the chemical formulas for each substance involved in the reaction.
To balance symbol equations, the number of atoms for each element must be equal on both sides of the arrow to reflect the law of conservation of mass.
Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas; while reacting with metal carbonates, they release carbon dioxide.

Acid Rain

Rain naturally has a slightly acidic pH (around 5.0-5.5) due to dissolved carbon dioxide forming carbonic acid.
Acid rain occurs when pollutants (like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) from burning fossil fuels mix with water vapor in the atmosphere, forming stronger acids (e.g., sulfuric and nitric acid). This lowers the pH of the rain.
Acid rain harms the environment by dissolving rocks and buildings (primarily limestone), making waterways acidic, poisoning plants and fish, and damaging forests and crops.

Neutralization Reactions

An acid reacts with an alkali to produce salt and water in a neutralization reaction.
The general equation for this reaction is: Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water
Examples of acids include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.
Examples of alkalis include potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and barium hydroxide.
Metal carbonates are also substances that can neutralize acids.

Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals are generally hard, shiny, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-metals may be brittle, dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity.

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Description

Explore the properties and reactions of metals and non-metals in this chemistry quiz. Understand the characteristics of various metals, learn about chemical equations, and delve into the effects of acid rain. Test your knowledge and see how well you grasp these fundamental concepts!