Chemistry Class: Combustion and Flame

Combustion and Flame

• Combustion is a chemical reaction between a fuel and oxygen, releasing heat and light.

Types of Combustion

• Rapid combustion: fire, explosion
• Slow combustion: digestion, respiration

Fuel

• A substance that undergoes combustion, releasing energy and reacting with oxygen.
• Examples: wood, coal, petrol, LPG

Ignition Temperature

• The minimum temperature required for a fuel to ignite.
• Factors affecting ignition temperature: nature of fuel, surface area, oxygen supply.

Flame

• The visible part of a fire, consisting of three zones:
  • Innermost zone: unburnt fuel
  • Middle zone: combustion
  • Outermost zone: complete combustion
• Types of flame:
  • Luminous flame: yellow, smoky
  • Non-luminous flame: blue, smokeless

Conditions for Combustion

• Three essential conditions:
  • Fuel
  • Oxygen
  • Ignition temperature

Fire Triangle

• A model illustrating the three conditions for combustion, where removal of any side extinguishes the fire

Types of Combustion

• Complete combustion: fuel burns completely, releasing CO2 and H2O
• Incomplete combustion: fuel burns partially, releasing CO, C, and other pollutants

Uses and Hazards of Fire

• Uses:
  • Cooking
  • Heating
  • Industrial processes
• Hazards:
  • Burns
  • Fire accidents
  • Air pollution

Fire Safety Measures

• Prevention:
  • Handling fuels safely
  • Electrical safety
  • Fire alarms
• Control:
  • Fire extinguishers
  • Evacuation procedures
  • Firefighting techniques

Combustion and Flame

• Combustion is a chemical reaction between a fuel and oxygen, releasing heat and light.

Types of Combustion

• Rapid combustion: fire, explosion
• Slow combustion: digestion, respiration

Fuel

• A substance that undergoes combustion, releasing energy and reacting with oxygen.
• Examples: wood, coal, petrol, LPG

Ignition Temperature

• The minimum temperature required for a fuel to ignite.
• Factors affecting ignition temperature: nature of fuel, surface area, oxygen supply.

Flame

• The visible part of a fire, consisting of three zones:
  • Innermost zone: unburnt fuel
  • Middle zone: combustion
  • Outermost zone: complete combustion
• Types of flame:
  • Luminous flame: yellow, smoky
  • Non-luminous flame: blue, smokeless

Conditions for Combustion

• Three essential conditions:
  • Fuel
  • Oxygen
  • Ignition temperature

Fire Triangle

• A model illustrating the three conditions for combustion, where removal of any side extinguishes the fire

Types of Combustion

• Complete combustion: fuel burns completely, releasing CO2 and H2O
• Incomplete combustion: fuel burns partially, releasing CO, C, and other pollutants

Uses and Hazards of Fire

• Uses:
  • Cooking
  • Heating
  • Industrial processes
• Hazards:
  • Burns
  • Fire accidents
  • Air pollution

Fire Safety Measures

• Prevention:
  • Handling fuels safely
  • Electrical safety
  • Fire alarms
• Control:
  • Fire extinguishers
  • Evacuation procedures
  • Firefighting techniques