Chemistry Class 10: Acids, Bases, and Salts
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Questions and Answers

What is the general chemical equation for a neutralization reaction?

  • $$Acid + Base \rightarrow Salt + Water$$
  • $$Salt + Water \rightarrow Base + Acid$$
  • $$Water + Salt \rightarrow Acid + Base$$
  • $$Base + Acid \rightarrow Salt + Water$$ (correct)

    • What is the pH scale range, and what does a value of 14 indicate?

  • 0 to 14, strong acid (correct)
  • 7 to 14, weak base
  • 0 to 14, weak base
  • -7 to 7, weak acid

    • Which substances are examples of bases?

  • Hydrochloric acid, tamarind
  • Lemon juice, vinegar
  • Sodium hydroxide, lime water (correct)
  • Acetic acid, tartaric acid

    • What characteristic is common to all salts?

    <p>Formation of ions when dissolved in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is molarity a measure of?

    <p>Number of moles of solute per liter of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic taste of acids?

    <p>Sour taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is an example of a base?

    <p>Sodium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ions are formed when a base is dissolved in water?

    <p>Hydroxide ions (OH-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are salts formed?

    <p>By replacing a hydrogen ion (H+) with a positive ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives bases their bitter taste and soapy feel?

    <p>Formation of hydroxide ions (OH-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic property of acids?

    <p>Sour taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the pH value obtained?

    <p>By multiplying the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) by 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bases in forming basic salts?

    <p>Production of basic salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the pH and pOH values indicate about a solution?

    <p>The basicity and acidity of the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the taste associated with bases?

    <p>Bitter taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a metal?

    <p>Formation of a salt and release of hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a base reacts with a non-reactive non-metal like sulfur?

    <p>Formation of a salt and release of oxygen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?

    <p>Formation of a salt and release of hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the hydrolysis process, what is the result when salts are dissolved in water?

    <p>Formation of water and release of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do acids and bases react with metals to form?

    <p>Salts and oxygen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemistry Class 10 Chapter 2: Acids, Bases, and Salts

    Introduction

    In this chapter, we will explore the properties and behavior of acids, bases, and salts. These substances play a crucial role in various aspects of our daily life, from cleaning to cooking, and even in the functioning of our bodies. Let's delve deeper into the world of acids, bases, and salts.

    Acids

    An acid is a substance that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in water. Acids can be found in various forms, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), and acetic acid (CH3COOH). Some common characteristics of acids include:

    1. Sour taste
    2. Formation of hydronium ions (protons) when dissolved in water
    3. Reaction with bases, leading to neutralization

    Bases

    A base is a substance that accepts a proton (OH-) when dissolved in water. Bases can be found in substances like sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and ammonia (NH4OH). Common characteristics of bases include:

    1. Bitter taste and soapy feel
    2. Formation of hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water
    3. Reaction with acids, leading to neutralization

    Salts

    A salt is an ionic compound formed when a hydrogen ion (H+) is replaced by a positive ion (e.g., Na+, K+, or NH4+) in an acid. Salts can be formed from the reaction between acids and bases, and they are composed of positive ions (cations) of bases and negative ions (anions) of acids. Some common characteristics of salts include:

    1. Neutral taste and appearance
    2. Formation of ions when dissolved in water
    3. No net charge or acidic/basic properties

    Neutralization Reactions

    When an acid and a base are mixed in the correct proportions, a neutralization reaction occurs, resulting in the formation of a salt and water. The general chemical equation for a neutralization reaction is:

    $$Base + Acid \rightarrow Salt + Water$$

    For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the following reaction takes place:

    $$NaOH + HCl \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O$$

    Acid-Base Properties of Some Common Substances

    Many substances we encounter in our daily lives are acids or bases. Some examples include:

    1. Acids: Vinegar (acetic acid), lemon juice (citric acid), and tartaric acid (found in tamarind) are examples of acids.
    2. Bases: Lime water, ammonia, and base (OH-) salts are examples of bases.

    Important Terms and Concepts

    1. Arrhenius Theory: The theory that classifies acids and bases based on their properties.
    2. Homogeneous Solution: A solution in which the solute is evenly spread out and has the same properties throughout the solution.
    3. Molarity: The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
    4. Concentration: The amount of solute per liter of solution, measured in molarity or percentage by mass.
    5. pH: A scale that ranges from 0 to 14, where 0 indicates a strong acid, and 14 indicates a strong base.
    6. pOH: A scale that ranges from 0 to 14, where 0 indicates a strong base, and 14 indicates a strong acid.

    Conclusion

    In this chapter, we learned about the properties and behavior of acids, bases, and salts. We explored the neutralization reactions that occur when acids and bases are mixed and the importance of understanding the acid-base properties of common substances. As we progress further in our studies of chemistry, we will delve deeper into the mechanisms and reactions of these versatile substances.

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    Description

    Explore the properties and behavior of acids, bases, and salts in this chapter. Learn about neutralization reactions, common substances with acid-base properties, and important terms such as Arrhenius Theory, Molarity, pH, and pOH.

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