Chemistry Chapter: Properties and Classification

Study Notes

Chemical and Physical Properties

A chemical property describes how a substance reacts with another substance or its flammability.
A physical property describes any characteristic other than a reaction.

Atomic Structure

Atomic number equals the number of protons and electrons in an atom.
Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.

Element Classification

Nonmetals: Elements to the right of the periodic table's staircase, and hydrogen.
Metals: Elements to the left of the staircase.
Metalloids: Elements that touch the staircase.

Properties of Element Categories

Metals: Solid at room temperature, shiny, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity.
Nonmetals: Solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature, dull, non-malleable, poor conductors.
Metalloids: Solid at room temperature, some shiny, some dull, non-malleable, and are insulators.

Groups in the Periodic Table

Alkali Metals (Group 1, except Hydrogen): One valence electron, very reactive.
Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2): Two valence electrons, reactive.
Halogens (Group 17): Seven valence electrons, very reactive.
Noble Gases (Group 18): Eight valence electrons (except helium, which has two), inert.

Electron Configuration and Trends

Elements in groups 1-13 tend to lose electrons to achieve stability. These are generally metals.
Elements in groups 14-17 tend to gain electrons to achieve stability. These are generally nonmetals.

Description

Test your knowledge on the chemical and physical properties of elements, atomic structure, and classification of elements in the periodic table. This quiz covers essential properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, helping reinforce your understanding of chemistry concepts.