Chemistry Chapter: Periodic Table & Bonding

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes a covalent compound?

  • Always solid at room temperature
  • Conducts electricity in solution
  • Composed of metal and nonmetal ions
  • Formed by the sharing of electrons (correct)

Dalton's Postulates include the idea that all atoms of a given element are identical.

True (A)

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes pure substances from mixtures?

Pure substances have a uniform and definite composition.

In the context of nuclear reactions, _______ is the process of splitting a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei.

<p>fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with their corresponding groups in the periodic table:

<p>Hydrogen = Group 1: Alkali Metals Chlorine = Group 17: Halogens Sodium = Group 1: Alkali Metals Calcium = Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a characteristic of alpha decay?

<p>Results in the emission of a helium nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the Periodic Table?

The Periodic Table organizes elements based on their properties.

What is a chemical property?

A chemical property describes how a substance changes its chemical composition, like reactivity or flammable.

What's the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

A pure substance is made of only one type of atom or molecule, like pure water. A mixture has multiple substances mixed together, like salt water.

What are Dalton's Postulates?

Dalton's postulates state that atoms are indivisible particles, elements are made of identical atoms, and atoms rearrange in chemical reactions.

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What are electron configurations?

Electron configurations describe the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels and orbitals.

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What is electronegativity?

Electronegativity is an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a bond. Higher electronegativity means stronger attraction.

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Study Notes

  • development of Periodic table over time
  • physical and chemical properties
  • pure substances vs mixtures
  • organization of the periodic table, properties of different groups
  • Dalton's postulates
  • Thomson's discovery of electron properties, Rutherford's nuclear atom, Bohr's nuclear atom, Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
  • structure of the atom
  • calculate average atomic mass of isotopes
  • electron configurations
  • lewis dot structures of covalent and ionic molecules
  • periodic trends, including how electronegativity can predict bonding between elements
  • naming and formula writing of covalent, simple ionic, polyatomic ionic, and multivalent ionic compounds
  • VSEPR shapes
  • properties of covalent, ionic, and metallic compounds and their intermolecular forces
  • alpha, beta, gamma decay
  • balancing nuclear equations
  • fission vs fusion reactions

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