Chemistry Chapter on Lattice Energy
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Questions and Answers

What primarily determines the magnitude of lattice energy in ionic compounds?

  • The type of metal involved
  • The number of ions in the compound
  • The magnitudes of the charge and distance between the ions (correct)
  • The size of the ions

Which ionic compound has the highest lattice energy based on the provided data?

  • NaCl
  • LiF
  • MgO
  • ScN (correct)

If MgO has a lattice energy of 3890 kJ/mol, which of the following compounds would likely have a lower lattice energy?

  • CaO
  • LiI (correct)
  • LiF
  • Na2O

Which compound listed has a lattice energy closest to 800 kJ/mol?

<p>NaCl (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between lattice energy and ionic compound stability?

<p>Higher lattice energy indicates greater stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When comparing MgCl2 and NaCl, which compound will exhibit a greater lattice energy?

<p>MgCl2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ionic solid compounds would most likely have a melting point above 2000 °C?

<p>MgO (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arrange MgO, CaO, and SrO in order of increasing lattice energy.

<p>SrO, CaO, MgO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula of a compound consisting of 30.45% nitrogen and 69.55% oxygen by mass?

<p>NO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of nitrogen used in the calculations?

<p>14.01 g/mol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In determining the molecular formula, what is the first step after finding the empirical formula?

<p>Divide the molar mass by the empirical formula mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mass of nitrogen is contained in a 100-g sample of the compound?

<p>30.45 g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final molecular formula of the compound?

<p>N2O4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is used to reduce the subscripts in the empirical formula?

<p>Dividing by the smallest subscript (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mass percentage of oxygen is present in the compound?

<p>69.55% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula mass for NO2?

<p>46.01 g/mol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of percent composition by mass in a compound?

<p>The list of the percent by mass of each element in a compound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct calculation for the molar mass of lithium carbonate, Li2CO3?

<p>(2 x 6.94 g) + (1 x 12.01 g) + (3 x 16.00 g) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the empirical formula mass of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, obtained if using its empirical formula HO?

<p>By summing the individual molecular weights of hydrogen and oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of oxygen when measured as O2?

<p>32.00 g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the molar mass of an element represent?

<p>The mass in grams of one mole of atoms of that element (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of atomic oxygen are in 1 mole of O?

<p>1 mole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular mass of propane (C3H8)?

<p>44.10 g/mol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which calculation would yield the percent composition of lithium in lithium carbonate, Li2CO3?

<p>(6.94 g / 73.89 g) x 100% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If air is approximately 21 percent oxygen by volume, what does this imply about the composition of air?

<p>Air contains predominantly nitrogen with minor components. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of water (H2O)?

<p>18.02 g/mol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating the empirical formula, what does the empirical formula represent?

<p>The ratio of atoms in a molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to convert an empirical formula into a molecular formula?

<p>The molar mass of the compound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the molecular mass of a compound determined?

<p>By summing the molar masses of the constituent elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For every 2 moles of hydrogen that react, how many moles of O2 are required to produce water?

<p>1 mole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mass corresponds to 0.905 moles of sodium chloride (NaCl), given that its molar mass is approximately 58.44 g/mol?

<p>52.89 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many water molecules are present in 3.26 g of water, considering its molar mass is approximately 18.02 g/mol?

<p>0.18 moles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a monatomic cation named?

<p>By adding the word ion to the name of the element. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the oxoanion that has one more oxygen atom than chlorate?

<p>Perchlorate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes how to name a monatomic anion?

<p>Change the ending of the element’s name to -ide. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these describes an oxoacid derived from an –ite ion?

<p>It produces one less hydrogen ion than the corresponding –ate acid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the systematic name for HClO2?

<p>Chlorous acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be true about the overall charge of ionic compounds?

<p>The sum of the charges must be zero. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When naming ionic compounds, what is important to include if the cation can have more than one charge?

<p>A Roman numeral indicating its charge must be used. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oxoanions has two fewer oxygen atoms than the corresponding –ate ion?

<p>Hypochlorite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ionic compound represented by the formula NaBr?

<p>Sodium bromide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which oxoanion follows the naming convention due to having one less oxygen than the corresponding anion?

<p>Chlorite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a compound that includes a cation with a charge of +2?

<p>CaO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes polyprotic acids?

<p>They can produce multiple hydrogen ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Lewis theory of bonding, which of the following is stated about compounds formed between non-metals?

<p>Electrons are shared to achieve noble gas configuration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the naming of acids based on –ate ions when dissolved in water?

<p>They end with the suffix –ic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by the Roman numeral in iron(III) chloride?

<p>The charge of the iron cation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of naming polyatomic ions derived from the same element?

<p>Hypo…ite, –ite, –ate, Per…ate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lattice Energy

The energy required to separate one mole of an ionic solid into its gaseous ions.

Stability of Ionic Compounds

Higher lattice energy indicates greater stability for ionic compounds.

Factors Affecting Lattice Energy

Lattice energy depends on the charge of the ions and the distance between them.

Charge of Ions

The magnitude of the ionic charges.

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Distance Between Ions

The separation of the positive and negative ions in a crystal.

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MgO, CaO, SrO lattice energy

MgO > CaO > SrO (increasing lattice energy).

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Ionic Compound Melting Point

Higher lattice energy generally correlates with higher melting points.

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Lattice Energy Unit

kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole).

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Monatomic cation

A positively charged ion formed from a single atom.

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Monatomic anion

A negatively charged ion formed from a single atom.

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Ionic compound neutrality

The sum of the charges on the cation and anion in an ionic compound must equal zero.

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Naming ionic compounds

To name ionic compounds, name the cation first, then anion, using Roman numerals for cations with multiple charges.

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Naming cations with variable charges

Use Roman numerals in parentheses to indicate the cation's charge.

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Covalent bond

A bond where atoms share electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration.

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Lewis theory of bonding

A theory proposing how electrons are shared to form bonds.

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Electroneutrality

A principle stating the total positive charge of the cation must equal the total negative charge of the anion.

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Empirical Formula

Simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

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Molecular Formula

Actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

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Percent Composition

Mass percentage of each element in a compound.

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Molar Mass

Mass of one mole of a substance.

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Determining Empirical Formula

Find the simplest whole-number ratio from mass percent data.

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Determining Molecular Formula

Calculate by dividing molar mass by empirical formula mass.

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Sample Conversion

Assuming a 100 gram sample when dealing with percentages.

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Subscript Adjustment

Adjusting subscripts in empirical formula to the lowest whole numbers.

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Polyatomic Ions

Ions composed of more than one atom covalently bonded together.

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Oxoanions

Polyatomic anions containing oxygen and another element.

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Oxoacids

Acids containing oxygen, hydrogen, and another element; form hydrogen ions.

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-ate ion

Most common form of an oxoanion.

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per...ate

Oxoanion with one more oxygen atom than the -ate ion.

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-ite ion

Oxoanion with one less oxygen atom than the -ate ion.

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hypo...ite ion

Oxoanion with two fewer oxygen atoms than the -ate ion.

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Naming Oxoacids

Naming of oxoacids based on the -ate or -ite ending of the related oxoanions.

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Molecular Mass

The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule.

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Formula Mass

The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a formula unit of an ionic compound.

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Percent Composition

Percent by mass of each element in a compound.

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Empirical Formula

Simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

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Molar Mass

Mass of one mole of a substance in grams.

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Atomic Mass

Average mass of atoms in an element, in atomic mass units (amu).

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Calculating % composition

Determine the mass percentage of each element in a compound

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Molar mass of an element

Numerically equal to its atomic mass in grams/mole

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Molar mass of O2

The mass of one mole of oxygen molecules (O2).

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Molar mass of O

The mass of one mole of oxygen atoms (O).

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Empirical Formula

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

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Molecular Formula

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

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Percent Composition

The mass percentage of each element in a compound.

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Moles to mass conversion

Converting the number of moles to the mass of a substance.

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Mole to molecules

Converting number of moles to the number of molecules (e.g., water molecules).

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Determining empirical formula

Finding the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound, given its percentage composition.

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