Chemistry Chapter on Halide Ions and Reactions
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Questions and Answers

What is the net charge of a halide ion?

-1

When a halide ion takes part in a redox reaction, what happens to the halide ion?

oxidised

What kind of agent is a halide ion when it takes place in a redox reaction?

reducing agent

What factor dictates how well a halide ion can lose an electron?

<p>strength of the electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and the outer shell electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

As you go down the group for halide ions, does the attraction increase between the nucleus and the outer shell electrons?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the trend in reducing power down group 7.

<p>increases down the group</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the reducing power increase down group 7?

<p>greater shielding results in weaker attraction between nucleus and outer shell electrons, easier to lose an electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which halide has a greater reducing power, fluorine or chlorine?

<p>Chlorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What acid can you react with a halide to get a hydrogen halide?

<p>concentrated sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you test for halides?

<p>Nitric acid and silver nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What colour is nitric acid and silver nitrate?

<p>colourless</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't you use hydrochloric acid for the halide test?

<p>hydrochloric acid contains chloride ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Formula for halide test

Signup and view all the answers

What colour is the positive test for iodide when nitric acid and silver nitrate are added to the solution?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What colour is the positive test for bromide when nitric acid and silver nitrate are added to the solution?

<p>cream</p> Signup and view all the answers

What colour is the positive test for chloride when nitric acid and silver nitrate are added to the solution?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you test for halides further?

<p>add ammonia to the solution and evaluate its solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does chloride precipitate dissolve in?

<p>dilute NH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does bromide precipitate dissolve in?

<p>concentrated NH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does iodide precipitate dissolve in?

<p>insoluble in concentrated NH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Halide Ions Overview

  • Halide ions carry a net charge of -1.

Redox Reactions

  • In redox reactions, halide ions get oxidized.
  • Halide ions function as reducing agents during these reactions.

Electron Loss Factors

  • The ability of a halide ion to lose an electron is influenced by the strength of electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and outer shell electrons.
  • As you move down Group 7, the attraction between the nucleus and outer shell electrons weakens, resulting in an increase in reducing power.
  • This increase is due to greater shielding from inner electrons.

Comparison of Halides

  • Chlorine has a greater reducing power than fluorine.

Halide Reactions

  • Concentrated sulfuric acid can react with a halide ion, producing a hydrogen halide.

Testing for Halides

  • To test for halides, use nitric acid followed by silver nitrate.
  • Both nitric acid and silver nitrate solutions are initially colorless.

Avoiding Contamination

  • Hydrochloric acid cannot be used in halide tests as it contains chloride ions.

Positive Test Results

  • Positive test colors:
    • Iodide: Yellow
    • Bromide: Cream
    • Chloride: White

Additional Testing Methods

  • To further test for halides, add ammonia to the solution and check for solubility.
  • Chloride precipitate dissolves in dilute NH3.
  • Bromide precipitate dissolves in concentrated NH3.
  • Iodide precipitate is insoluble in concentrated NH3.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of halide ions and their role in redox reactions. This quiz covers their properties, trends within Group 7, and methods for testing halides. Test your knowledge on halide reactions and reducing agents related to electrochemistry.

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