Chemistry Chapter: Ions and Atomic Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the total number of electrons in a potassium ion (K+)?

  • 20
  • 21
  • 19
  • 18 (correct)

    • How many neutrons are present in a chloride ion (Cl-)?

  • 17
  • 16
  • 18 (correct)
  • 20

    • What would be the electron configuration of a calcium ion (Ca2+)?

  • 2, 8, 7
  • 2, 8, 8 (correct)
  • 2, 8, 6
  • 2, 8, 10

    • What happens to titanium when it forms an ion?

    <p>It loses 2 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons does a nitride ion (N3-) have?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the elements in the same group on the periodic table?

    <p>They have similar chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first energy level?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group in the periodic table contains the alkali metals?

    <p>Group 1 (IA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does group number indicate in relation to electrons?

    <p>The number of electrons in the outermost energy level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is classified as a noble gas?

    <p>Neon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to reactivity as you move down a group of alkali metals?

    <p>Reactivity increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the transition metals from other groups?

    <p>They typically have multiple oxidation states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements would have three electrons in its outermost energy level?

    <p>Boron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main point of Dalton's Atomic Theory regarding elements?

    <p>Atoms of an element have identical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was J.J. Thompson credited with discovering?

    <p>The existence of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Rutherford's model suggest about the composition of an atom?

    <p>The nucleus contains most of the atom's mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Niels Bohr's planetary model, how do electrons move?

    <p>Electrons exist only in specific circular orbits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant aspect of atomic structure did Bohr's model fail to accurately describe?

    <p>Electrons behaving like waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a characteristic of protons?

    <p>They are positively charged particles in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is associated with Dalton's Atomic Theory in terms of compound formation?

    <p>Atoms of different elements combine in constant ratios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the raisin bun model proposed by J.J. Thompson, how are electrons characterized?

    <p>They are embedded in a positively charged sphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of monovalent ionic compounds?

    <p>They have one charge on the metal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ionic compounds when they are dissolved in water?

    <p>They conduct electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions would form the compound sodium phosphide?

    <p>Na+ and P3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for magnesium chloride?

    <p>MgCl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a multivalent ionic compound, which charge is typically listed first?

    <p>The higher charge of the metal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should charges be balanced in an ionic compound?

    <p>The total negative charge must equal the total positive charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds contains a multivalent metal?

    <p>FeO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix 'ide' indicate in the naming of nonmetals?

    <p>The element has formed an anion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What charge must be indicated in the naming of multivalent metals?

    <p>It must be included in brackets using Roman numerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal is never multivalent according to the content?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for gold (III) iodide?

    <p>AuI3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for chromium (II) sulphide?

    <p>CrS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In writing the formula for ammonium sulphate, which notation is used for the ammonium ion?

    <p>NH4+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a mixed ionic compound?

    <p>KIO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done if one complex ion needs to be multiplied in a formula?

    <p>It should be placed in brackets before writing the subscript.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the charge on the metal determined in naming ionic compounds?

    <p>By balancing with the number of nonmetal charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a decomposition reaction, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>The compound decomposes into its original elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a single replacement reaction?

    <p>One element replaces another in a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a double replacement reaction?

    <p>Two compounds exchange ions to form two different compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that a reaction is a combustion reaction?

    <p>It typically involves oxygen and produces heat and light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of unit analysis in mole calculations?

    <p>To eliminate units and make calculations simpler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Avogadro's number primarily used for?

    <p>To count the number of atoms or molecules in a mole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction $Cu(s) + 2 AgNO_3(aq) \rightarrow 2 Ag(s) + Cu(NO_3)_2(aq)$, what type of reaction is being represented?

    <p>Single replacement reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would likely be the state of products in a typical double replacement reaction?

    <p>At least one product is a solid precipitate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Chemistry Study Notes

    • Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties, along with the changes it undergoes.
    • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
    • Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all matter.
    • Elements are substances composed of only one type of atom.
    • Compounds are substances composed of two or more different types of elements chemically bonded together.
    • Molecules are formed when two or more atoms bond together.

    Atomic Structure

    • Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge), surrounded by electrons (negative charge) in electron shells/orbitals.
    • The number of protons determines the element.
    • Atomic number = number of protons
    • Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
    • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
    • Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of all isotopes of an element.

    Periodic Table

    • The periodic table organizes elements based on their properties and atomic structure.
    • Elements are arranged in rows (periods) and columns (groups or families).
    • Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
    • Metals are typically good conductors of heat and electricity, and have high luster.
    • Nonmetals typically do not conduct heat or electricity well.
    • Metalloids display properties of both metals and nonmetals.
    • Groups are labeled with numbers (1-18) or Roman numerals (IA-VIIIA).
    • Periods are labeled 1-7.

    Chemical Bonds

    • Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred between atoms, creating positive and negative ions that attract each other.
    • Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons.
    • Metallic bonds occur when valence electrons are shared among all atoms in a metal.

    Chemical Formulas

    • Chemical formulas represent the composition of a substance using symbols of elements and subscripts indicating the number of atoms of each element.
    • Subscripts refer to the number of atoms of each element in a compound.
    • Prefixes in chemical names denote the number of atoms of each element.

    Chemical Reactions

    • Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms to form new substances.
    • Reactants are substances that undergo a change.
    • Products are the substances formed as a result of the reaction.
    • Chemical equations show the reactants and products of a chemical reaction, using symbols and coefficients to balance the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
    • Balance chemical equations to ensure the Law of Conservation of Mass is observed (equal number of atoms of each element on both sides of the reaction).

    Nomenclature

    • Systematic naming systems exist for various types of compounds (ionic, molecular).
    • Rules for ionic and molecular compounds include considering charge, prefixes, and suffixes.

    States of Matter

    • Solids, liquids, and gases are the three primary states of matter.
    • The physical state of a substance is identified within a chemical reaction using the symbols (s), (l), (g), or (aq).

    Other Topics

    • Electron Dot Diagrams are visual representations of atoms and their valence electrons, used to predict and explain bonding.
    • The mole is a standard unit to measure the amount of substance containing 6.022 x 1023 (Avogadro's number) particles.
    • Molar mass relates the mass (g) of a substance to its amount (number of moles). The molar mass of a substance equals its molar mass in g/mol (grams per mole).
    • The pH scale is a measure of acidity or basicity of a substance.

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    Science 10 Chemistry Notes (Feb 2022) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on ions and atomic structure in this quiz. Topics include the electron configuration of various ions, properties of elements in the periodic table, and historical atomic theories. Perfect for students studying chemistry at an introductory level.

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