Chemistry Chapter 9: Stoichiometry Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is composition stoichiometry?

Describes the mass relationships of elements in a compound

What is reaction stoichiometry?

Describes the mass relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction

What is a mole ratio?

Conversion factor that compares the amounts of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction

What is a limiting reactant?

The reactant that limits the amount of the other reactant that can combine and the amount of product that can form in a chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is theoretical yield?

The maximum amount of the product that can be produced from a given amount of reactants Signup and view all the answers

What is actual yield?

Measure amount of that product obtained from a reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is percentage yield?

Is the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100 Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of O2 would 13.0 mol of Al2O3 produce?

19.5 moles Signup and view all the answers

What is stoichiometry?

The relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction or forming a compound, typically a ratio of whole integers Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of a mole ratio in stoichiometry?

Mole ratios are used in stoichiometry to compare the amount of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

What happens in reactions that take place under ideal conditions?

All the reactants are converted into the products Signup and view all the answers

Give two reasons that the actual yield of a reaction might be less than the theoretical yield.

A) Reactants may contain impurities or may form byproducts in completing side reactions; B) Many reactions do not go to completion Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between actual yield and theoretical yield.

Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of the product that can be produced, while actual yield is the measure of how much of that product was obtained from a reaction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Composition Stoichiometry

Relates to the mass relationships of elements within a compound.

Reaction Stoichiometry

Focuses on mass relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Mole Ratio

A conversion factor used to compare quantities of two substances in a chemical reaction.

Limiting Reactant

The substance that restricts the extent of a reaction and determines the amount of product formed.

Theoretical Yield

Represents the highest possible amount of product obtainable from a specific amount of reactants.

Actual Yield

The actual quantity of product produced in a reaction, often less than the theoretical yield.

Percentage Yield

Calculated by (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100, indicating the efficiency of a reaction.

Calculation Example

13.0 moles of Al2O3 produce 19.5 moles of O2.

Stoichiometry Overview

Describes the quantitative relationship between substances involved in a reaction or compound formation, based on whole number ratios.

Mole Ratio Usage

Enables the comparison of amounts of substances to determine how much of one substance is needed for a reaction to proceed.

Ideal Reaction Conditions

Under optimal conditions, all reactants fully convert into products.

Reasons for Less Actual Yield

Impurities in reactants or formation of byproducts can reduce yield.
Many chemical reactions do not proceed to completion.

Distinction Between Yields

Theoretical yield is the calculated maximum product quantity, while actual yield is the measured output from the reaction.

Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts in Stoichiometry from Chemistry Chapter 9. This quiz includes terms such as composition stoichiometry, reaction stoichiometry, and mole ratios. Perfect for mastering the mass relationships in chemical compounds and reactions.