Chemistry Chapter 9 Review: Stoichiometry

Questions and Answers

What are the parts of a chemical equation?

Reactants [left] and products [right]

What is equation stoichiometry?

The study of quantitative relationships between amounts of reactants used and products formed by a chemical change

What is formula stoichiometry?

The study of the quantitative relationships between elements in a chemical compound

What does synthesis refer to in chemistry?

Combination of 2 or more substances to form a compound. One product forms Signup and view all the answers

What is decomposition in chemical reactions?

Compounds break down into 2 or more simpler substances. One reactant Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a single replacement reaction?

One element replaces another in a compound. Metal replaces metal or nonmetal replaces nonmetal Signup and view all the answers

What is a double replacement reaction?

Ions in 2 compounds 'change partners'. Cation of one compound combines with anion of the other Signup and view all the answers

What is combustion?

Burning of a substance in O2 to produce heat. Hydrocarbons always produce CO2 and H2O Signup and view all the answers

What is stoichiometry?

It is a lot like a recipe. Chemists use it to find the relationships between reactants and products Signup and view all the answers

What is percent yield?

Describes the actual amount of product compared to the theoretical amount of product. % yield = actual mass / theoretical mass (100) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limiting reactant?

The reactant that is fully consumed in the reaction and therefore 'limits' the amount of product that can be produced Signup and view all the answers

What is an excess reactant?

The reactant for which 'excess' remains after the reaction has stopped Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Equations

Chemical equations consist of reactants on the left side and products on the right side.

Stoichiometry Types

Equation Stoichiometry: Focuses on quantitative relationships between reactants and products involved in a chemical change.
Formula Stoichiometry: Examines quantitative relationships among elements within a chemical compound.

Reaction Types

Synthesis: Involves the combination of two or more substances to create a single compound; yields one product.
Decomposition: A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances; involves only one reactant.
Single Replacement: One element displaces another within a compound, involving either metal-for-metal or nonmetal-for-nonmetal replacement.
Double Replacement: Involves an exchange of ions between two compounds, with cations swapping with anions.
Combustion: The process of burning a substance in the presence of oxygen (O2), which typically results in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from hydrocarbons.

Key Concepts

Stoichiometry: Similar to a recipe, it allows chemists to calculate relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions.
Percent Yield: Measures the efficiency of a reaction, comparing the actual amount of product obtained to the theoretical yield; calculated using the formula: % yield = (actual mass / theoretical mass) x 100.
Limiting Reactant: Defined as the reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction, thus limiting the amount of product produced.
Excess Reactant: Refers to any reactant that remains unreacted after the chemical reaction has completed.

Description

Test your knowledge with our flashcards on Chapter 9 of Chemistry, focusing on stoichiometry. This quiz covers key concepts such as parts of a chemical equation and the quantitative relationships between reactants and products. Perfect for studying for exams or reinforcing your understanding of chemical equations.