Chemistry Chapter 9: Acids & Bases Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What do pH tests tell us?

They measure the amount of H+ and OH- ions in solution (correct)

They show the color of the solution

They determine the viscosity of the solution

They indicate the temperature of the solution

Describe the pH scale.

pH 0-6 = acidic; pH 7 = neutral; pH 8-14 = basic.

What is a neutralization reaction?

Adding an acid and a base together to reach pH 7.

What are the properties of acids?

Sour taste, corrosive to metal, conduct electricity. Signup and view all the answers

Provide two examples of acids you could find in your home.

Orange juice, vinegar. Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of bases?

Bitter taste, slippery texture, conduct electricity. Signup and view all the answers

Provide two examples of bases you could find in your home.

Ammonia, bleach. Signup and view all the answers

Classify the substance 'orange juice' (pH = 3.5).

Acidic. Signup and view all the answers

Classify the substance 'drain cleaner' (pH = 13).

Basic. Signup and view all the answers

What can you tell your classmate about the neutralization reaction result with a pH of 9?

The base must have been stronger than the acid. Signup and view all the answers

How is pH related to the concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions in an acidic solution?

The greater the amount of H+, the stronger the acid (lower pH). Signup and view all the answers

How is pH related to the concentration of hydroxide (OH-) ions in a basic solution?

The greater the amount of OH-, the stronger the base (higher pH). Signup and view all the answers

How is pH related to the concentration of H+ and OH- ions in a neutral solution?

H+ = OH- and pH = 7. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

pH and Its Significance

pH indicates whether a solution is acidic or basic, measuring levels of H+ and OH- ions.
Acidic solutions: pH ranges from 0 to 6; neutral: pH 7; basic: pH ranges from 8 to 14.

Neutralization Reactions

Neutralization involves mixing an acid and a base, with the goal of achieving a pH of 7.

Properties of Acids

Acid characteristics:
- pH 0 to 6
- Strong acids: pH 0 to 2; weak acids: pH 5 to 6
- Sour taste, corrosive to metals, conduct electricity.
Common acids: orange juice (pH 3.5), vinegar.

Properties of Bases

Base characteristics:
- pH 8 to 14
- Strong bases: pH 12 to 14; weak bases: pH 8 to 9
- Bitter taste, slippery texture, conduct electricity.
Common bases: ammonia, bleach.

Classification of Substances

Orange juice: classified as acidic.
Drain cleaner: classified as basic.

Understanding Neutralization Outcomes

In a reaction producing a basic pH (e.g., pH 9) despite equal volumes of acid and base, the stronger base influences the final pH more than the weaker acid.

pH and Ion Concentration in Solutions

In acidic solutions:
- H+ concentration exceeds OH- concentration; lower pH indicates stronger acid.
In basic solutions:
- OH- concentration exceeds H+ concentration; higher pH indicates stronger base.
In neutral solutions:
- H+ and OH- concentrations are equal, resulting in a pH of 7.

Description

Test your knowledge of acids and bases with these flashcards. This quiz covers the pH scale, the definition of neutralization, and the characteristics of acidic and basic solutions. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this essential chemistry topic.