Chemistry Chapter 8: Polarity of Compounds

Polarity of Compounds

• 1,2-dichloroethane ($C_2H_4Cl_2$) is a nonpolar molecule due to its symmetrical tetrahedral geometry.
• The dipole moments of the two C-Cl bonds in 1,2-dichloroethane cancel each other out, resulting in overall nonpolarity.
• In contrast, cis-dichloroethylene ($C_2H_2Cl_2$) has a polar character because it features a double bond (C=C) and a bent shape.
• The cis configuration leads to an uneven distribution of charge, resulting in a net dipole moment.

Isomers of Compounds

• $CH_3CH_2CH_2Cl$: This compound has isomers, including primary and secondary alkyl chlorides.
• $CH_3CHO$: This compound (acetaldehyde) has structural isomers, specifically cyclic and branched variants.
• $CH_2=CHCl$: This compound (vinyl chloride) has geometric isomers due to the presence of the double bond.
• $ClCH_2CH_2Cl$: This compound (1,2-dichloroethane) has no isomers, as the two chlorine atoms are bound to the same carbon chain without alternative structural arrangements.