Chemistry Chapter 7 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a Chemical Formula?

The absolute number of atoms in a compound

The relative number of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound (correct)

A formula that only shows the cation

None of the above

What is a Molecular Formula?

The number of atoms of each element contained in a single molecule of the compound.

Define Ionic Compound.

A lattice of positive and negative ions held together by mutual attraction.

What is a Formulas Unit?

The simplest ratio of the compound's positive ions (cations) and its negative ions (anions). Signup and view all the answers

What are Monatomic Ions?

Ions formed from a single atom. Signup and view all the answers

Define Binary Compounds.

Compounds composed of two elements. Signup and view all the answers

What is Nomenclature?

Naming system of binary ionic compounds. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Stock System of Nomenclature.

Uses oxidation numbers represented by Roman numerals after the metal's name. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Old System for naming Binary Molecules?

Uses prefixes to indicate the number of each specific element and the second element ends with -ide. Signup and view all the answers

Define Hydrocarbons.

Molecular compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen. Signup and view all the answers

What are Oxyanions?

Polyatomic ions that contain oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Define Acid.

A distinct type of molecular compound which usually refers to a solution in water rather than the compound itself. Signup and view all the answers

What are Binary Acids?

Acids that consist of two elements, usually hydrogen and one of the halogens. Signup and view all the answers

Define Oxyacids.

Acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element (usually a nonmetal). Signup and view all the answers

What is Salt?

An ionic compound composed of a cation and the anion from an acid. Signup and view all the answers

What are Oxidation Numbers/States?

A concept denoting the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound. Signup and view all the answers

Define Molecular Mass.

The mass of a molecule, typically measured in amu. Signup and view all the answers

What is Formula Mass?

Measured in amu; a compound's molar mass is numerically equal to its formula mass. Signup and view all the answers

What is Molar Mass?

Measured in g/mol; a compound's molar mass is numerically equal to its formula mass. Signup and view all the answers

Define Percentage Composition.

The percentage by mass of each element in a compound. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Empirical Formula?

Consists of the symbols for the elements combined in a compound, showing the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the different atoms. Signup and view all the answers

Define Molecular Formula.

The actual formula of a molecular compound. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Formulas and Compounds

Chemical Formula: Represents the relative number of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound.
Molecular Formula: Specifies the number of atoms of each element in a single molecule of the compound.

Types of Compounds

Ionic Compound: Formed from a lattice of positively and negatively charged ions due to mutual electrostatic attraction.
Formulas Unit: Indicates the simplest ratio of a compound's positive ions (cations) to negative ions (anions).
Monatomic Ions: Ions created from a single atom, acting as building blocks for compounds.
Binary Compounds: Compounds consisting of just two different elements, representing a fundamental type of chemical combination.

Nomenclature and Naming Systems

Nomenclature: The naming convention for binary ionic compounds, combining cation and anion names, with cations named first.
Stock System of Nomenclature: Utilizes oxidation numbers, with Roman numerals indicating an ion's charge, shown in parentheses after the metal's name.
Old System for Naming Binary Molecules: Employs prefixes (mono, di, tri, etc.) to denote the number of each element; the second element's name ends in -ide.

Classes of Chemical Compounds

Hydrocarbons: Molecular compounds that consist only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Oxyanions: Polyatomic ions that contain oxygen, often integral in various chemical reactions.
Acid: A class of compounds that usually refers to their aqueous solutions with specific properties, distinct from the pure compound.
Binary Acids: Composed of two elements, typically hydrogen and one halogen (e.g., fluorine, chlorine).
Oxyacids: Contain hydrogen, oxygen, and another element, often a nonmetal.

Additional Concepts

Salt: An ionic compound formed from the reaction of an acid, generating a cation, and an anion from the acid.
Oxidation Numbers/States: Indicate the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound, essential for understanding electron transfer in reactions.
Molecular Mass: The mass of a molecule, integral for calculations in stoichiometry.
Formula Mass: Measured in amu, equal to the molar mass for a given compound.
Molar Mass: Expressed in g/mol, numerically the same as formula mass, important for converting between mass and moles.
Percentage Composition: Represents the mass percentage of each element present in a compound, useful for analysis.
Empirical Formula: Shows the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the elements in a compound, possibly differing from the correct molecular formula.
Molecular Formula: The actual formula that defines the composition of a molecular compound, revealing the true number of atoms involved.

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Test your knowledge of chemical formulas and compounds with these flashcards from Chapter 7. Each card provides definitions essential for understanding the composition of various chemical substances. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their chemistry learning!