Chemistry Chapter 7 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

A chemical equation is balanced when

The number of atoms of each element is different in reactants and products

The number of atoms of each element is the same in reactants and products (correct)

The number of products is equal to the number of reactants

None of the above

In any balanced chemical equation, the number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation is

Doubled

The same (correct)

Tripled

None of the above

In a ________ reaction, two or more elements or compounds form one product.

combination

What is the classification for this reaction? SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4(l)

Combination Signup and view all the answers

The reaction of carbon with oxygen to produce carbon monoxide is an example of which class of reaction? 2C(s) + O2(g) → 2CO(g)

Combination Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification for this unbalanced reaction? Fe + HCl → FeCl3 + H2

Single replacement Signup and view all the answers

The reaction of methane with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is an example of which class of reaction? CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Oxidation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?

N2 + O2 → 2NO Signup and view all the answers

What is oxidized and what is reduced in the following reaction? 2Al(s) + 3Br2(g) → 2AlBr3(s)

Al is oxidized and Br2 is reduced. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an oxidation reaction?

Loss of electrons or gain of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance oxidized always

Shows a loss of electrons Signup and view all the answers

In this reaction, what is the substance oxidized? Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Zinc Signup and view all the answers

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance reduced always

Gains electrons Signup and view all the answers

One mole of particles of any substance contains how many particles?

6.02 × 10^23 Signup and view all the answers

Avogadro's number is the number of

Particles in 1 mole of a substance Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of water, H2O, are present in 75.0 g of H2O?

2.51 × 10^24 molecules Signup and view all the answers

How many hydrogen atoms are present in 75.0 g of H2O?

5.02 × 10^24 atoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the kinetic theory of gases?

There is very little empty space in a gas Signup and view all the answers

In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, the assumption is made that gas molecules

Move rapidly in random directions Signup and view all the answers

According to the kinetic theory of gases, a gas can be compressed much more than a liquid or solid because

The particles of a gas are very far apart Signup and view all the answers

According to the kinetic theory of gases, particles of a gas

Are very far apart Signup and view all the answers

In a gas, the distance between the particles is

Very large relative to the size of the molecules. Signup and view all the answers

In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, particles of a gas tend to move and collisions between them are .

rapidly; elastic Signup and view all the answers

The force of gas particles against the walls of a container is called

Pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement describes the pressure of a gas?

725 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

The unit of 1 atmosphere used to describe the pressure of a gas is equal to

760 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

As you rise higher in Earth's atmosphere, the atmospheric pressure

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

The air pressure on a rainy day is usually ________ air pressure on a sunny day.

Lower than Signup and view all the answers

According to Boyle's Law, the pressure of a gas increases as the volume decreases because

The gas particles strike the walls of the container more often Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the process of inspiration (air entering the lungs)?

The lungs expand, causing their internal pressure to decrease Signup and view all the answers

Complete the following statement: In Charles's Law, the volume of a gas when the decreases.

Decreases; temperature Signup and view all the answers

What unit of temperature is used in gas law calculations?

Kelvin Signup and view all the answers

As the temperature of a gas increases, the density of the gas will

Decrease Signup and view all the answers

In Gay-Lussac's Law, the pressure of a gas increases due to an increase in temperature because

The particles collide with the walls more often Signup and view all the answers

The boiling point of water at sea level is 100 °C. At higher altitudes, the boiling point of water will be

Lower Signup and view all the answers

Vapor pressure can be described as

The pressure exerted by a gas above the surface of its liquid Signup and view all the answers

An autoclave is used to sterilize surgical equipment because

It allows water to boil at temperatures above 100 °C. Signup and view all the answers

When the combined gas law is rearranged to solve for V2, the following is the correct expression: V2 =

P1V1T2/P2T1. Signup and view all the answers

According to Avogadro's law

The volume of a gas is directly related to the number of moles at constant temperature and pressure Signup and view all the answers

The mathematical expression of the ideal gas law is

PV = nRT Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential use for a hyperbaric chamber?

Increasing the rate at which a broken bone heals Signup and view all the answers

The total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the partial pressure(s) of

All the gases added together Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the partial pressures of gases in the body?

High O2, low CO2, oxygenated blood Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions and Balancing

A balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms for each element in both reactants and products.
The classification of reactions varies: a combination reaction involves two or more elements or compounds forming a single product.
Common types of reactions:
- Combination (e.g., SO3 + H2O → H2SO4)
- Oxidation (e.g., CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O)
- Single replacement (e.g., Fe + HCl → FeCl3 + H2)

Oxidation and Reduction

Oxidation reactions are characterized by the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen.
In oxidation-reduction reactions, the oxidized substance loses electrons, while the reduced substance gains electrons.
Example reactions:
- 2Al + 3Br2 → 2AlBr3: Al is oxidized, Br2 is reduced.
- N2 + O2 → 2NO is an oxidation-reduction reaction.

Moles and Avogadro's Number

One mole of any substance contains 6.02 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro's number).
The conversion between grams and molecules can be calculated to determine the number of molecules or atoms in a given mass (e.g., 75.0 g of H2O contains 2.51 × 10²⁴ molecules and 5.02 × 10²⁴ hydrogen atoms).

Kinetic Theory of Gases

The kinetic molecular theory states that gas molecules move rapidly and randomly, with considerable empty space between them.
Particles in a gas are far apart, allowing for high compressibility compared to liquids or solids.
Gas pressure is defined as the force of molecules colliding with the walls of a container, measurable in mmHg (1 atm = 760 mmHg).

Gas Laws

Boyle's Law states that pressure increases as volume decreases, due to more frequent collisions of gas particles with container walls.
Charles's Law indicates that gas volume decreases when temperature decreases.
Gas law calculations require temperature to be measured in Kelvin.
Gay-Lussac's Law relates pressure increase to temperature increase, as more collisions occur.

Atmospheric Pressure and Boiling Point

Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, affecting boiling points (e.g., water boils at lower temperatures in high altitudes).
Vapor pressure signifies the pressure from a gas above its liquid surface.
An autoclave operates under high pressure to sterilize by elevating water's boiling point above 100 °C.

Combined Gas Law and Ideal Gas Law

The combined gas law can be rearranged to find volume (V2 = P1V1T2/P2T1).
The ideal gas law is mathematically expressed as PV = nRT, relating pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), gas constant (R), and temperature (T).

Partial Pressures in Gases

The total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of its partial pressures.
In the body, arterial blood typically has high oxygen and low carbon dioxide levels.

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Test your knowledge of chemical equations with these flashcards focused on Chapter 7 concepts. Each card presents key terms and definitions relating to balancing equations and types of chemical reactions. Challenge yourself to recall important details about the composition and reactions of substances.