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Questions and Answers
A chemical equation is balanced when
A chemical equation is balanced when
- The number of atoms of each element is different in reactants and products
- The number of atoms of each element is the same in reactants and products (correct)
- The number of products is equal to the number of reactants
- None of the above
In any balanced chemical equation, the number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation is
In any balanced chemical equation, the number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation is
- Doubled
- The same (correct)
- Tripled
- None of the above
In a ________ reaction, two or more elements or compounds form one product.
In a ________ reaction, two or more elements or compounds form one product.
combination
What is the classification for this reaction? SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4(l)
What is the classification for this reaction? SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4(l)
The reaction of carbon with oxygen to produce carbon monoxide is an example of which class of reaction? 2C(s) + O2(g) → 2CO(g)
The reaction of carbon with oxygen to produce carbon monoxide is an example of which class of reaction? 2C(s) + O2(g) → 2CO(g)
What is the classification for this unbalanced reaction? Fe + HCl → FeCl3 + H2
What is the classification for this unbalanced reaction? Fe + HCl → FeCl3 + H2
The reaction of methane with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is an example of which class of reaction? CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
The reaction of methane with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is an example of which class of reaction? CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
Which of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
Which of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
What is oxidized and what is reduced in the following reaction? 2Al(s) + 3Br2(g) → 2AlBr3(s)
What is oxidized and what is reduced in the following reaction? 2Al(s) + 3Br2(g) → 2AlBr3(s)
Which of the following describes an oxidation reaction?
Which of the following describes an oxidation reaction?
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance oxidized always
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance oxidized always
In this reaction, what is the substance oxidized? Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
In this reaction, what is the substance oxidized? Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance reduced always
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance reduced always
One mole of particles of any substance contains how many particles?
One mole of particles of any substance contains how many particles?
Avogadro's number is the number of
Avogadro's number is the number of
How many molecules of water, H2O, are present in 75.0 g of H2O?
How many molecules of water, H2O, are present in 75.0 g of H2O?
How many hydrogen atoms are present in 75.0 g of H2O?
How many hydrogen atoms are present in 75.0 g of H2O?
Which of the following is NOT part of the kinetic theory of gases?
Which of the following is NOT part of the kinetic theory of gases?
In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, the assumption is made that gas molecules
In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, the assumption is made that gas molecules
According to the kinetic theory of gases, a gas can be compressed much more than a liquid or solid because
According to the kinetic theory of gases, a gas can be compressed much more than a liquid or solid because
According to the kinetic theory of gases, particles of a gas
According to the kinetic theory of gases, particles of a gas
In a gas, the distance between the particles is
In a gas, the distance between the particles is
In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, particles of a gas tend to move ________ and collisions between them are ________.
In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, particles of a gas tend to move ________ and collisions between them are ________.
The force of gas particles against the walls of a container is called
The force of gas particles against the walls of a container is called
Which measurement describes the pressure of a gas?
Which measurement describes the pressure of a gas?
The unit of 1 atmosphere used to describe the pressure of a gas is equal to
The unit of 1 atmosphere used to describe the pressure of a gas is equal to
As you rise higher in Earth's atmosphere, the atmospheric pressure
As you rise higher in Earth's atmosphere, the atmospheric pressure
The air pressure on a rainy day is usually ________ air pressure on a sunny day.
The air pressure on a rainy day is usually ________ air pressure on a sunny day.
According to Boyle's Law, the pressure of a gas increases as the volume decreases because
According to Boyle's Law, the pressure of a gas increases as the volume decreases because
Which of the following correctly describes the process of inspiration (air entering the lungs)?
Which of the following correctly describes the process of inspiration (air entering the lungs)?
Complete the following statement: In Charles's Law, the volume of a gas ________ when the ________ decreases.
Complete the following statement: In Charles's Law, the volume of a gas ________ when the ________ decreases.
What unit of temperature is used in gas law calculations?
What unit of temperature is used in gas law calculations?
As the temperature of a gas increases, the density of the gas will
As the temperature of a gas increases, the density of the gas will
In Gay-Lussac's Law, the pressure of a gas increases due to an increase in temperature because
In Gay-Lussac's Law, the pressure of a gas increases due to an increase in temperature because
The boiling point of water at sea level is 100 °C. At higher altitudes, the boiling point of water will be
The boiling point of water at sea level is 100 °C. At higher altitudes, the boiling point of water will be
Vapor pressure can be described as
Vapor pressure can be described as
An autoclave is used to sterilize surgical equipment because
An autoclave is used to sterilize surgical equipment because
When the combined gas law is rearranged to solve for V2, the following is the correct expression: V2 =
When the combined gas law is rearranged to solve for V2, the following is the correct expression: V2 =
According to Avogadro's law
According to Avogadro's law
The mathematical expression of the ideal gas law is
The mathematical expression of the ideal gas law is
Which of the following is NOT a potential use for a hyperbaric chamber?
Which of the following is NOT a potential use for a hyperbaric chamber?
The total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the partial pressure(s) of
The total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the partial pressure(s) of
Which of the following correctly describes the partial pressures of gases in the body?
Which of the following correctly describes the partial pressures of gases in the body?
Study Notes
Chemical Reactions and Balancing
- A balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms for each element in both reactants and products.
- The classification of reactions varies: a combination reaction involves two or more elements or compounds forming a single product.
- Common types of reactions:
- Combination (e.g., SO3 + H2O → H2SO4)
- Oxidation (e.g., CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O)
- Single replacement (e.g., Fe + HCl → FeCl3 + H2)
Oxidation and Reduction
- Oxidation reactions are characterized by the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen.
- In oxidation-reduction reactions, the oxidized substance loses electrons, while the reduced substance gains electrons.
- Example reactions:
- 2Al + 3Br2 → 2AlBr3: Al is oxidized, Br2 is reduced.
- N2 + O2 → 2NO is an oxidation-reduction reaction.
Moles and Avogadro's Number
- One mole of any substance contains 6.02 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro's number).
- The conversion between grams and molecules can be calculated to determine the number of molecules or atoms in a given mass (e.g., 75.0 g of H2O contains 2.51 × 10²⁴ molecules and 5.02 × 10²⁴ hydrogen atoms).
Kinetic Theory of Gases
- The kinetic molecular theory states that gas molecules move rapidly and randomly, with considerable empty space between them.
- Particles in a gas are far apart, allowing for high compressibility compared to liquids or solids.
- Gas pressure is defined as the force of molecules colliding with the walls of a container, measurable in mmHg (1 atm = 760 mmHg).
Gas Laws
- Boyle's Law states that pressure increases as volume decreases, due to more frequent collisions of gas particles with container walls.
- Charles's Law indicates that gas volume decreases when temperature decreases.
- Gas law calculations require temperature to be measured in Kelvin.
- Gay-Lussac's Law relates pressure increase to temperature increase, as more collisions occur.
Atmospheric Pressure and Boiling Point
- Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, affecting boiling points (e.g., water boils at lower temperatures in high altitudes).
- Vapor pressure signifies the pressure from a gas above its liquid surface.
- An autoclave operates under high pressure to sterilize by elevating water's boiling point above 100 °C.
Combined Gas Law and Ideal Gas Law
- The combined gas law can be rearranged to find volume (V2 = P1V1T2/P2T1).
- The ideal gas law is mathematically expressed as PV = nRT, relating pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), gas constant (R), and temperature (T).
Partial Pressures in Gases
- The total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of its partial pressures.
- In the body, arterial blood typically has high oxygen and low carbon dioxide levels.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of chemical equations with these flashcards focused on Chapter 7 concepts. Each card presents key terms and definitions relating to balancing equations and types of chemical reactions. Challenge yourself to recall important details about the composition and reactions of substances.
