Chemistry Chapter 7 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

A chemical equation is balanced when

  • The number of atoms of each element is different in reactants and products
  • The number of atoms of each element is the same in reactants and products (correct)
  • The number of products is equal to the number of reactants
  • None of the above

    • In any balanced chemical equation, the number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation is

  • Doubled
  • The same (correct)
  • Tripled
  • None of the above

    • In a ________ reaction, two or more elements or compounds form one product.

    combination

    What is the classification for this reaction? SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4(l)

    <p>Combination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction of carbon with oxygen to produce carbon monoxide is an example of which class of reaction? 2C(s) + O2(g) → 2CO(g)

    <p>Combination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for this unbalanced reaction? Fe + HCl → FeCl3 + H2

    <p>Single replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction of methane with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is an example of which class of reaction? CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

    <p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?

    <p>N2 + O2 → 2NO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oxidized and what is reduced in the following reaction? 2Al(s) + 3Br2(g) → 2AlBr3(s)

    <p>Al is oxidized and Br2 is reduced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an oxidation reaction?

    <p>Loss of electrons or gain of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance oxidized always

    <p>Shows a loss of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In this reaction, what is the substance oxidized? Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance reduced always

    <p>Gains electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One mole of particles of any substance contains how many particles?

    <p>6.02 × 10^23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Avogadro's number is the number of

    <p>Particles in 1 mole of a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many molecules of water, H2O, are present in 75.0 g of H2O?

    <p>2.51 × 10^24 molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen atoms are present in 75.0 g of H2O?

    <p>5.02 × 10^24 atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the kinetic theory of gases?

    <p>There is very little empty space in a gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, the assumption is made that gas molecules

    <p>Move rapidly in random directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the kinetic theory of gases, a gas can be compressed much more than a liquid or solid because

    <p>The particles of a gas are very far apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the kinetic theory of gases, particles of a gas

    <p>Are very far apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a gas, the distance between the particles is

    <p>Very large relative to the size of the molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, particles of a gas tend to move ________ and collisions between them are ________.

    <p>rapidly; elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The force of gas particles against the walls of a container is called

    <p>Pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measurement describes the pressure of a gas?

    <p>725 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unit of 1 atmosphere used to describe the pressure of a gas is equal to

    <p>760 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As you rise higher in Earth's atmosphere, the atmospheric pressure

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The air pressure on a rainy day is usually ________ air pressure on a sunny day.

    <p>Lower than</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Boyle's Law, the pressure of a gas increases as the volume decreases because

    <p>The gas particles strike the walls of the container more often</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the process of inspiration (air entering the lungs)?

    <p>The lungs expand, causing their internal pressure to decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete the following statement: In Charles's Law, the volume of a gas ________ when the ________ decreases.

    <p>Decreases; temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit of temperature is used in gas law calculations?

    <p>Kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the temperature of a gas increases, the density of the gas will

    <p>Decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Gay-Lussac's Law, the pressure of a gas increases due to an increase in temperature because

    <p>The particles collide with the walls more often</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The boiling point of water at sea level is 100 °C. At higher altitudes, the boiling point of water will be

    <p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vapor pressure can be described as

    <p>The pressure exerted by a gas above the surface of its liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An autoclave is used to sterilize surgical equipment because

    <p>It allows water to boil at temperatures above 100 °C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the combined gas law is rearranged to solve for V2, the following is the correct expression: V2 =

    <p>P1V1T2/P2T1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Avogadro's law

    <p>The volume of a gas is directly related to the number of moles at constant temperature and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mathematical expression of the ideal gas law is

    <p>PV = nRT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential use for a hyperbaric chamber?

    <p>Increasing the rate at which a broken bone heals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the partial pressure(s) of

    <p>All the gases added together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the partial pressures of gases in the body?

    <p>High O2, low CO2, oxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Reactions and Balancing

    • A balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms for each element in both reactants and products.
    • The classification of reactions varies: a combination reaction involves two or more elements or compounds forming a single product.
    • Common types of reactions:
      • Combination (e.g., SO3 + H2O → H2SO4)
      • Oxidation (e.g., CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O)
      • Single replacement (e.g., Fe + HCl → FeCl3 + H2)

    Oxidation and Reduction

    • Oxidation reactions are characterized by the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen.
    • In oxidation-reduction reactions, the oxidized substance loses electrons, while the reduced substance gains electrons.
    • Example reactions:
      • 2Al + 3Br2 → 2AlBr3: Al is oxidized, Br2 is reduced.
      • N2 + O2 → 2NO is an oxidation-reduction reaction.

    Moles and Avogadro's Number

    • One mole of any substance contains 6.02 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro's number).
    • The conversion between grams and molecules can be calculated to determine the number of molecules or atoms in a given mass (e.g., 75.0 g of H2O contains 2.51 × 10²⁴ molecules and 5.02 × 10²⁴ hydrogen atoms).

    Kinetic Theory of Gases

    • The kinetic molecular theory states that gas molecules move rapidly and randomly, with considerable empty space between them.
    • Particles in a gas are far apart, allowing for high compressibility compared to liquids or solids.
    • Gas pressure is defined as the force of molecules colliding with the walls of a container, measurable in mmHg (1 atm = 760 mmHg).

    Gas Laws

    • Boyle's Law states that pressure increases as volume decreases, due to more frequent collisions of gas particles with container walls.
    • Charles's Law indicates that gas volume decreases when temperature decreases.
    • Gas law calculations require temperature to be measured in Kelvin.
    • Gay-Lussac's Law relates pressure increase to temperature increase, as more collisions occur.

    Atmospheric Pressure and Boiling Point

    • Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, affecting boiling points (e.g., water boils at lower temperatures in high altitudes).
    • Vapor pressure signifies the pressure from a gas above its liquid surface.
    • An autoclave operates under high pressure to sterilize by elevating water's boiling point above 100 °C.

    Combined Gas Law and Ideal Gas Law

    • The combined gas law can be rearranged to find volume (V2 = P1V1T2/P2T1).
    • The ideal gas law is mathematically expressed as PV = nRT, relating pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), gas constant (R), and temperature (T).

    Partial Pressures in Gases

    • The total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of its partial pressures.
    • In the body, arterial blood typically has high oxygen and low carbon dioxide levels.

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    Test your knowledge of chemical equations with these flashcards focused on Chapter 7 concepts. Each card presents key terms and definitions relating to balancing equations and types of chemical reactions. Challenge yourself to recall important details about the composition and reactions of substances.

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