Chemistry Chapter 5: The Periodic Table Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Group 7A of the periodic table contains the most reactive:

  • Nonmetals (correct)
  • Alkaline Earth Metals
  • Noble Gases
  • Metals
  • One twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom is used to define:

    atomic mass unit

    The unit for atomic mass is:

    amu

    The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed by:

    <p>the discovery of elements with predictive properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from:

    <p>row to row</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As you move from left to right across a periodic table, the number of valence electrons:

    <p>more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared with Group 2A elements, Group 6A elements have:

    <p>more valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tendency of an element to react is closely related to what?

    <p>number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the Group 1A elements from the most reactive to the least reactive.

    <p>Francium, Cesium, Rubidium, Potassium, Sodium, Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the Group 7A elements from the most reactive to the least reactive.

    <p>F, Cl, Br, I, At</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is found in most of the compounds in your body except for water?

    <p>carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mendeleev's organized elements in his periodic table in order of increasing:

    <p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mendeleev's periodic table was useful because it enabled scientists to predict properties of unknown:

    <p>elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Boron is one block to the left of carbon in the periodic table. The atomic number of carbon is 6. The atomic number of boron is:

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as one twelfth the mass of a:

    <p>carbon-12 atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, and:

    <p>metalloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From left to right across a period in the periodic table, element 4, beryllium, has two valence electrons. Element 5, boron, has:

    <p>less metallic and more nonmetallic in their properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Element 3, lithium, has one valence electron, and element 4, beryllium, has two valence electrons. Element 5, boron has:

    <p>3 valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In general, an alkali metal will be more reactive than an alkaline earth metal in the same period.

    <p>true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Although they are called neon light, they can contain any noble gas.

    <p>true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reactive elements, such as alkali metals and halogens, are found in nature only as:

    <p>compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppose you are looking at elements in the periodic table in this order: element 23, element 24, element 25, element 26, and so on. Are you looking across a period or down a group?

    <p>across a period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines an element's chemical properties?

    <p>number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the periodic table, there are two numbers in the block for the element potassium (K): 19 and 39.098. What do these two numbers represent?

    <p>19 atomic # represents # of protons. 39.098 is average mass of all isotopes &amp; its atomic mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and arsenic (As) have properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals. What common label could you apply to these elements?

    <p>metalloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Period 5 of the periodic table begins with element 37 and ends with element 54. Which of the following elements is most likely to be a transition metal?

    <p>cadmium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Element X has one valence electron, element Y has one valence electron, and element Z has five valence electrons. Which two of these elements are most likely to have similar properties? Explain your answer.

    <p>because they have the same number of valence electrons x &amp; y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the alkaline earth metals in Group 2A, which is more reactive - beryllium (element A) or strontium (element 38)?

    <p>strontium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sodium chloride is a compound of sodium and chlorine. Which of these elements is the alkali metal, and which is the halogen?

    <p>sodium is the alkali metal, chlorine is the halogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Characteristics of Groups in the Periodic Table

    • Group 7A consists of the most reactive nonmetals.
    • Group 1A elements arranged from most to least reactive: Francium, Cesium, Rubidium, Potassium, Sodium, Lithium.
    • Group 7A elements ordered by reactivity: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine.
    • Group 6A elements have more valence electrons than Group 2A elements.

    Atomic Mass and Definitions

    • Atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
    • The unit of atomic mass is amu.
    • The atomic number represents the number of protons in an element's nucleus.

    Mendeleev and the Periodic Table

    • Mendeleev organized elements in the periodic table by increasing mass.
    • His periodic table was confirmed useful through the discovery of elements with predictive properties.
    • Enabled predictions of unknown element properties.

    Properties of Elements

    • As you move left to right in the periodic table, the number of valence electrons increases.
    • The tendency of an element to react is closely related to its number of valence electrons.
    • Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, with boron, silicon, germanium, and arsenic recognized as metalloids.

    Reactivity in Elements

    • Alkali metals are generally more reactive than alkaline earth metals within the same period.
    • Reactive elements, such as alkali metals and halogens, exist only in nature as compounds.
    • Beryllium has two valence electrons; boron, with three valence electrons, shows increasing nonmetallic properties.

    Transition Metals and Group Information

    • Cadmium is identified as a transition metal among elements in period 5, sandwiched between strontium and iodine.
    • When comparing valence electrons, elements X (one valence electron) and Y (one valence electron) share similar properties.

    Specific Elements and Compounds

    • Carbon is a vital element found in most compounds in the human body, excluding water.
    • Sodium chloride is composed of sodium (alkali metal) and chlorine (halogen).
    • Strontium (element 38) is more reactive than beryllium (element A) among alkaline earth metals.

    Periodic Table Layout

    • Elements can be examined across periods or down groups; for example, elements 23 to 26 are looked at across a period.
    • Elements in the periodic table display repeating properties from row to row, indicating structured relationships among different element groups.

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    Test your knowledge of Chapter 5 of chemistry focusing on the periodic table through these engaging flashcards. Each card covers essential concepts such as atomic mass, reactivity of nonmetals, and the historical significance of Mendeleev's periodic table.

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