Chemistry Chapter 5: Balancing Reactions Flashcards
11 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What represents a chemical reaction?

  • A written sentence
  • A chemical equation (correct)
  • A physical change
  • None of the above
  • What do necessary conditions in a chemical equation indicate?

    Conditions such as heat, catalysts, or a spark.

    Matter can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

    False

    What are stoichiometric coefficients?

    <p>Numeric prefixes in a balanced reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a chemical equation, reactants are on the ______ of the arrow.

    <p>left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a class of chemical reactions?

    <p>Chemical synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general form of an acid-base neutralization reaction?

    <p>HA + MOH ---&gt; H2O + MA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reduction involves the loss of electrons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general form of a combustion reaction?

    <p>Fuel + O2 ---&gt; CO2 + H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do net ionic equations represent?

    <p>They show only the particles that break apart in solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about solubility is true?

    <p>All salts of lithium and sodium are soluble.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Equations

    • A chemical equation symbolizes a reaction, showing reactants on the left and products on the right.
    • Example: Hydrogen + Oxygen → Water.

    Necessary Conditions

    • Conditions like heat, catalysts, or a spark are noted above the reaction arrow.

    Law of Conservation of Mass

    • Matter is not created or destroyed during chemical reactions; atoms are merely rearranged.

    Stoichiometry

    • The study of relationships between reactant quantities in chemical reactions.

    Stoichiometric Coefficients

    • Numeric prefixes used in balanced chemical equations represent the amount of substances involved.

    Balancing Chemical Equations

    • Start with an unbalanced equation, ensuring correct formulas for all substances.
    • Begin balancing with unique elements, leaving pure elements until the end, and treat polyatomic ions as whole units.

    Classes of Chemical Reactions

    • Types include:
      • Precipitation reactions (formation of solids)
      • Acid-base neutralization reactions
      • Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions (electron transfer)
      • Combustion reactions

    Precipitation Reactions

    • Typically double displacement reactions, following the general pattern: AB + CD → AD + CB.

    Precipitation and Solubility Guidelines

    • Solubility refers to how much of a compound dissolves in a solvent at a specific temperature.
    • Compounds that dissolve significantly are labeled (aq) for aqueous, while insoluble ones marked (s) indicate solids.

    Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions

    • General Reaction Format: HA + MOH → H2O + MA (Acid + Base → Water + Salt).
    • Bases can include hydroxides and others like NH3.

    Redox Reactions

    • Involves the transfer of electrons, according to oxidation and reduction processes.

    Oxidation

    • Defined by the loss of electrons.

    Reduction

    • Characterized by the gain of electrons.

    Oxidizing Agent

    • A substance that oxidizes another and gets reduced in the process.

    Reducing Agent

    • Reduces another substance while itself being oxidized, identifiable on the reactant side.

    Single Replacement Reactions

    • Example: Fe(s) + Cu^2+(aq) → Fe^2+(aq) + Cu(s) showcasing redox behavior.

    Combustion Reaction

    • General format: Fuel + O2 → CO2 + H2O.

    Recognizing Redox

    • Requires a bookkeeping system to track electron transfer, using oxidation numbers (not true charges).

    Activity Series

    • A prediction tool for element reactivity, indicating which element prefers to be a cation.

    Driving Forces for Reactions

    • Reactions occur due to:
      • Formation of a precipitate
      • Gas formation
      • Formation of molecular compounds (e.g., H2O)
      • Generation of weak acids or bases
      • Redox processes

    Net Ionic Equations

    • Focus on the components that dissociate in solution.

    Components That Break Apart (NET)

    • Soluble salts, strong acids (e.g., HCl, HBr), and strong bases (e.g., Group 1 hydroxides).

    Components That Stay Together

    • Includes solids, liquids, gases, weak acids/bases, and insoluble salts.

    Solubility Rules

    • Salts of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, and NH4+ are always soluble.
    • Nitrates (NO3-), acetates (C2H3O2-), and chlorates (ClO3-) are also generally soluble.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge with these flashcards focused on the classification and balancing of chemical reactions from Chapter 5. Each card features key terms and their definitions, allowing you to reinforce your understanding of chemical equations and necessary conditions for reactions.

    More Like This

    Understanding Balancing Chemical Equations
    10 questions
    Chemistry Class: Reactions and Equations
    28 questions
    Chemistry Reactions and Balancing Quiz
    10 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser