Chemistry Chapter 5 - Atomic Structure and Bonds

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Questions and Answers

Which term describes a mixture that has the same composition throughout?

Compound

Heterogeneous mixture

Homogeneous mixture (correct)

Element

What property distinguishes a physical change from a chemical change?

Formation of new substances (correct)

Reversibility

Change in state

Energy transfer

Which of the following statements about isotopes is true?

Isotopes have the same mass number.

Isotopes have the same number of neutrons.

Isotopes have different numbers of protons.

Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. (correct)

What is the primary characteristic of an ionic bond?

Transfer of electrons between atoms Signup and view all the answers

Which method would be best for separating a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy change occurs in an endothermic reaction?

Heat is absorbed from the surroundings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of metallic bonds?

Electrons move freely in an electron sea Signup and view all the answers

How is the atomic mass of an element defined?

The average mass of all isotopes based on their abundance Signup and view all the answers

Which element has the largest atomic radius among bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine?

Iodine Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements has the highest first ionization energy?

Chlorine Signup and view all the answers

Why does magnesium have a smaller atomic radius than sodium?

It has a greater number of protons Signup and view all the answers

Which ions are larger: S^2- or S?

S^2- Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected trend for electronegativity as one moves across a period?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason potassium has a larger atomic radius than sodium?

It has more electron shells Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances do ionic substances conduct electricity?

When melted or dissolved in water Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes chromatography?

It is a method used to separate components based on their solubility in a solvent. Signup and view all the answers

What type of mixture can be effectively separated using chromatography?

Any type of mixture including gases, liquids, and solids Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter is characterized by having a definite shape and volume?

Solid Signup and view all the answers

Which process is classified as an endothermic reaction?

Melting of ice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding noble gases?

They exist in a gaseous state at room temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What are the general properties of metalloids?

They are usually brittle and have intermediate conductivity. Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is expected to have a higher melting point?

AlCl3 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the properties of alkali metals is correct?

They tend to lose one electron easily to form positive ions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances would conduct electricity in its state as specified?

MgSO4 (aq) Signup and view all the answers

What do the valence electrons determine in an element?

The reactivity and bonding behavior of the element Signup and view all the answers

What property of metals allows them to be drawn into wires?

Ductility Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason metals are able to conduct electricity?

Valence electrons are mobile Signup and view all the answers

Which of these compounds is expected to have a higher boiling point?

HF Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds has a molar mass less than 100 g/mol?

Ammonium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

Identify the dominant intermolecular force present in NH3.

Hydrogen bonding Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the compound Ni3(PO4)2?

Nickel phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula for a compound containing 38.8% carbon, 16.2% hydrogen, and 45.1% nitrogen?

C2H5N2 Signup and view all the answers

If a compound has an empirical formula of CH2O and a molar mass of 124.10 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?

C6H12O6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula of an ionic compound composed of 34.95 g of iron and 15.05 g of oxygen?

FeO Signup and view all the answers

Given that galactose has a molecular weight of 180.16 g/mol and an empirical formula of CH2O, what is its molecular formula?

C6H12O6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the percent composition of oxygen in acetylsalicylic acid (C9H8O4)?

30.5% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physical property an astronaut could measure to help identify an unknown compound?

Chemical reactivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of increasing radius for Mg, Mg2+, and Mg2-?

Mg2+ < Mg < Mg2- Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecular geometry is found around sulfur in H2SO3?

Bent Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemistry Pre-Comp Study Guide

Classification of Matter: Pure substances versus mixtures are discussed.
Properties of Matter: Physical and chemical properties as well as physical and chemical changes are described.
Structure of Matter: Subatomic particles, ions, isotopes, and atomic mass, mass number, and atomic number are presented.
Separation of Mixtures: Methods for separating mixtures such as distillation, filtration, and chromatography are outlined.
States of Matter: Characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases are explained. A heating curve illustrating changes in state is included.
Energy: Endothermic and exothermic reactions are differentiated. The concept of kinetic energy, potential energy, and intermolecular forces are introduced. The relationship between temperature and kinetic energy is explained.
Periodic Table: Trends in the periodic table, such as ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity, atomic radius, and ionic radius, are examined. Properties of groups, periods and families are also discussed.
Bonding: Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonds are explained along with their properties and nomenclature. Lewis structures, electron geometry and molecular geometry are covered for covalent compounds.

Pre-Comp Review Part 1

Definitions: Definitions for element, compound, homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture, solution, solute, solvent, and suspensions are provided.
Examples: Examples are given for each definition in the previous section.
Filtration: An explanation of the process of filtration in separating mixtures is given along with the types of mixtures that can be separated by filtration.
Distillation: An explanation of the process of distillation in separating mixtures is given along with the types of mixtures that can be separated by distillation.
Chromatography: An explanation of chromatography and the types of mixtures separated by chromatography are outlined.

Pre-Comp Review Part 2

Definitions: Ionization energy and electronegativity are defined.
Atomic Radius Trends: A list of atoms arranged in order of increasing atomic radius is given.
Ionization Energy Trends: A list of atoms arranged in order of increasing first ionization energy is given.
Electronegativity Trends: A list of atoms arranged in order of increasing electronegativity is presented.
Other concepts: Explanations of intermolecular forces regarding heating curves and kinetic energy are given, as well as more explanation of the concepts in pre-comp review part 1.

Additional Topics

Properties of Elements: Metal and nonmetal properties, as well as metalloid properties are briefly discussed.
Calculations: Calculations involving mass, moles, particles, molar mass, and the relationship between different compounds are outlined..
Atomic Structure: The calculation of valence and core electrons, as well as the identification of different types of chemical compounds (elements, mixtures, compounds) based on diagram representations, are introduced..
Chemical Properties and Reactions: Endothermic and exothermic processes are explained. The chemical reactivity of elements are included and summarized.
Identifying Substances: The discussion of how to identify substances based on their physical properties such as color, density, conductivity, melting point and boiling point. Metal properties are discussed to characterize substances.
Drawing Particle Diagrams: Diagrams of gaseous elements and particle diagrams showing different states of matter are discussed.
Types of Bonds and Compounds: Various bonds, such as ionic and covalent bonds , and how different compounds are formed are covered..

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Description

Test your knowledge on atomic structure, chemical bonding, and properties of matter in this quiz based on Chemistry Chapter 5. Answer questions covering isotopes, ionic bonds, and trends in atomic size and ionization energy.