Chemistry Chapter 4 Review Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Why does it make sense that if an atom loses electrons, it is left with a positive charge?

If an atom loses an electron, then it becomes positively charged because the total charge of the electrons no longer balance the total charge of the protons to form a neutral particle.

Why is an atom electrically neutral?

Because the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

What does the atomic number of each atom represent?

The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in that element.

How many protons are in the nuclei of Phosphorus?

<p>Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15, which means that there are 15 protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons are in the nuclei of Molybdenum?

<p>Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42, which means that there are 42 protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons are in the nuclei of Aluminum?

<p>Aluminum has an atomic number of 13, which means that there are 13 protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the difference between the mass number and the atomic number of an atom?

<p>Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons of an isotope of an element. Atomic number refers to the number of protons of an element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two ways that isotopes of an element can differ.

<p>Isotopes of an element differ in mass numbers, atomic masses, the number of neutrons, and relative abundance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics of cathode rays led Thomson to conclude that the rays consisted of negatively charged particles?

<p>The rays were attracted to the positively charged plates and were deflected by a magnet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the same between carbon 12 and carbon 13?

<p>Amount of protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's different between carbon 12 and carbon 13?

<p>Amount of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find the number of neutrons?

<p>Mass # - Atomic #.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find the number of protons/electrons?

<p>You find the atomic number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find the mass number?

<p>Protons + neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a group?

<p>Vertical column of elements on the periodic table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a period?

<p>A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)?

<p>1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of ______ in the nucleus of an atom is the atomic _______ of that element.

<p>Protons, number</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total number of ______ and neutrons in an atom is the mass number.

<p>Protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms of the same element are identical in most respects, but they can differ in the number of ______ in the nucleus.

<p>Neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different mass numbers are called ______.

<p>Isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of an element is the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of that element.

<p>Atomic mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each of the three known isotopes of hydrogen has ______ protons in its nucleus.

<p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dalton's Atomic Theory included the idea that the atoms of different elements can chemically combine in ______ ratios.

<p>Simple whole number</p> Signup and view all the answers

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a ______.

<p>Chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ are subatomic particles with a negative charge.

<p>Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus of an atom is composed of ______ and protons.

<p>Neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

A neutron has no charge, but its mass is almost the same as a ______.

<p>Proton</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of protons in an atom is called its ______ number.

<p>Atomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons. They also have different ______ numbers.

<p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass number of an element with 14 electrons and 16 neutrons = ?

<p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

<p>Periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The elements in the periodic table are listed in order of increasing what?

<p>Atomic number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

<p>Groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called what?

<p>Isotopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of neutrons can be calculated by:

<p>Atomic # - Mass #.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Relative atomic masses are expressed in what?

<p>AMU's.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does an atom of nitrogen always have 7 protons and 7 neutrons?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find the atomic number?

<p>Find the total number of protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did we find out with Rutherford's gold experiment?

<p>That atoms are mostly empty space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find the mass number?

<p>Protons + neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atomic Structure and Charge

  • An atom becomes positively charged when it loses electrons since the balance between protons and electrons is disrupted.
  • Atoms are electrically neutral due to an equal number of protons and electrons.

Atomic Number and Protons

  • The atomic number indicates the number of protons present in an atom.
  • Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15, indicating 15 protons.
  • Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42, indicating 42 protons.
  • Aluminum has an atomic number of 13, indicating 13 protons.

Mass Number vs. Atomic Number

  • The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom, while the atomic number only counts protons.

Isotopes

  • Isotopes vary in mass numbers, atomic masses, the number of neutrons, and relative abundance.
  • Carbon-12 and Carbon-13 have the same number of protons but differ in neutrons.

Calculating Particles

  • To find the number of neutrons: Mass Number - Atomic Number.
  • To determine protons or electrons, refer to the atomic number.
  • The mass number is calculated as protons + neutrons.

Periodic Table Organization

  • A group refers to a vertical column of elements, while a period refers to a horizontal row.
  • Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) is defined as 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
  • Elements are arranged in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number.

Subatomic Particles

  • Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles.
  • The nucleus comprises protons and neutrons, with neutrons having no charge and a mass similar to protons.

Fundamental Concepts

  • Dalton's Atomic Theory states that atoms can combine in simple whole-number ratios.
  • Atoms retain identity during chemical reactions.

Additional Concepts

  • Atoms of the same element are generally identical in structure but may vary in neutron count.
  • Relative atomic masses are measured in AMUs.
  • Rutherford's gold foil experiment concluded that atoms are primarily empty space.

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Description

This quiz offers a comprehensive review of Chapter 4 in chemistry through flashcards. It covers fundamental concepts, including atomic structure and electrical neutrality. Test your understanding of how electrons and protons interact to define atomic charge.

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