Chemistry Chapter 4 Quiz

<p>Chromatography (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decantation separates based on densities, and filtration uses a porous barrier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ernest Rutherford (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic number (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomson's Model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of electrons equals the number of protons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As wavelength increases, energy decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High energy and a short wavelength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Dalton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires matter to transfer energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amplitude (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The red-hot object is at a lower temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The wave moves perpendicular to the direction of the wave. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms are near each other but not in a compact structure, allowing movement past one another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ductility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flammability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of rust on iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a change in physical properties, but the composition remains the same. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matter is neither created nor destroyed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of two or more elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that energy is released or absorbed in discrete chunks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particle-like behavior of light, via photons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify the elemental composition of substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide a unique pattern of lines that helps identify specific elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are located in 3D regions, known as orbitals where they are likely to be found (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Louis de Broglie (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He developed a probability function describing the electron's likelihood of being found in a cloud-like region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That a particle's position and velocity cannot be simultaneously measured for fast moving objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hund's Rule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As wavelength increases, frequency decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radio waves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must have opposite spins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size of the orbital. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<h1>=</h1> <h1>=</h1> Signup and view all the answers

A material that can be stretched into a wire without breaking. Think of pulling a piece of wire from a spool.

A substance that is made up of only one type of atom. For example, gold (Au) is a pure element.

The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid. Think of ice melting into water.

A change in matter that results in a new substance with different properties. Burning wood into ash is an example.

A property that depends on the amount of matter. For example, the mass of a rock is an extensive property.

How well a substance conducts electricity. Think of copper wires that carry electricity.

A combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties. Think of salt and pepper mixed together.

The ability of a material to resist flowing. Think of honey, which flows slowly.

A mixture where components are evenly distributed and cannot be easily distinguished.

A mixture where components are not evenly distributed and can be easily distinguished.

The substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution.

The substance that gets dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.

A mixture where the particles are large enough to settle out over time.

The smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element.

A model that represents the structure of an atom, showing the arrangement of its subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons).

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It determines the element's identity.

A neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It contributes to the atom's mass.

A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom. It determines the atom's chemical properties.

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It represents the atom's mass.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It determines the element's identity.

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge.

A type of wave that carries energy without needing a medium, like light.

Waves that move parallel to the direction of the wave, like sound waves.

Waves that move perpendicular to the direction of the wave, like waves on water.

The height of a wave, measured from the center line to the crest or trough.

How often a wave repeats per second, measured in Hertz (Hz).

The length between two successive crests or troughs of a wave.

The ability of an object to emit radiation when heated, with the wavelength distribution depending on the temperature.

Orbitals are filled from lowest to highest energy. This is how electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom.

No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers.

Describes the size of an orbital. Higher numbers indicate larger orbitals.

Refers to the shape of an orbital. Each shape is designated by a letter.

Determines the number of orbitals within a subshell.

Electrons spin like tiny bar magnets, either clockwise (up) or counterclockwise (down).

The distribution of electrons within the various orbitals of an atom.

Electrons fill orbitals individually with the same spin (up) before pairing up with opposite spin (down).

In 1900, German physicist Max Planck proposed that energy is absorbed or released by atoms in discrete chunks called quanta, which have a minimum size.

The photoelectric effect describes the phenomenon where light, made of tiny energy packets called photons, hits a material and causes electrons to be ejected.

Emission spectra are the unique colors of light emitted by an element when it releases energy. Each element has a distinct spectrum, like a fingerprint.

Line spectra are special patterns of light made up of colored lines. Each element produces a specific line spectrum when it releases energy, aiding in its identification.

The Quantum Mechanical Model, also called the Electron Cloud Model, proposes that electrons don't orbit in fixed paths. Instead, they exist within regions called orbitals, where there's a high probability of finding them.

French physicist Louis de Broglie proposed the wave-particle duality of matter, which suggests that both particles and waves exhibit characteristics of each other.

Erwin Schrödinger's equation is a mathematical function that describes the probability of finding an electron in a specific location within an orbital. This describes the cloud-like region where the electron is most likely to be found.

Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that it's impossible to simultaneously determine both the exact position and velocity of a fast-moving particle.