Chemistry Chapter 4 Flashcards

An ancient Greek thinker who believed that matter could be divided into smaller particles until a basic particle was reached, suggesting the existence of atoms.

The smallest particle of an element that retains both the chemical and physical properties of that element.

John Dalton

<p>All matter is composed of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protons, neutrons, and electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$1.67 \times 10^{-24}$ grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>relative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic mass unit (amu)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1/12 the mass of a carbon atom that contains six protons and six neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 amu</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>e-</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1/1840</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$9.11 \times 10^{-28}$ grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>p+</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1+</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$1.67 \times 10^{-24}$ grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>n^0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$1.67 \times 10^{-24}$ grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The atom was invisible and the smallest particle that could exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The discovery of protons, neutrons, and electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joseph J. Thomson</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Plum pudding model&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negatively charged electrons embedded in a lump of positively charged protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms must contain something positively charged, and something that accounts for the mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Robert Milikan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ernest Rutherford</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most of the alpha particles passed through, indicating that mass and positive charge are concentrated in a small region called the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Niels Bohr</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Planetary model&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy levels in an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of energy required to move an electron from its present energy level to the next higher one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erwin Schrodinger</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A modern description of electrons in atoms that deals with the likelihood of finding an electron in a certain region of space around the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantum mechanical model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of protons plus the number of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>protons, electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>neutrons; mass number</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and a different mass number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using chemical symbols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The name of the element followed by the mass number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By looking at the bottom left number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the same as the number of protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass number - atomic number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nuclei that have been emitted from a radioactive source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast moving electrons formed by the decomposition of a neutron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because of their large mass and charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sheet of paper or dead skin cells on the surface of your skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can penetrate soft tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta particles are much smaller and have half as much charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By aluminum foil or thin pieces of wood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electromagnetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By several feet of concrete or several inches of lead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its proton to neutron ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>one; protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>neutrons; protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains all stable nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unstable nuclei undergo beta decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unstable nuclei convert a proton to a neutron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unstable nuclei undergo beta decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time it takes for half of the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The more stable the radioisotope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms separate or combine without any changes to the nucleus, only electrons are involved, forming new compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleus changes in composition, and new elements are formed by fusion or fission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two nuclei combine to form a new nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sun; 2 hydrogens; helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus decays, releasing radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrons; they are the 'glue'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the number of protons and neutrons is approximately equal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasingly more neutrons than protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can't be stable and are radioactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force that holds the nucleus together and prevents protons from flying apart due to repulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers