Chemistry Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Express the reaction C3H6(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) as a balanced chemical equation and identify all of the phases.

2C3H6(g) + 9O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)

Express the reaction NH4NO3(s) → N2O(g) + H2O(l) as a balanced chemical equation and identify all of the phases.

NH4NO3(s) → N2O(g) + 2H2O(l)

What is a combination reaction?

A chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance.

What is a decomposition reaction?

A reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a combustion reaction?

Always contain O2 as a reactant and CO2 and H2O as products. Signup and view all the answers

When a compound containing C, H, and O is completely combusted in air, what reactant besides the hydrocarbon is involved in the reaction?

O2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass (in grams) of 1.00×10−2 mol of CdS?

1.44g Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of moles (n) of NH4Cl in 96.6 g of this substance?

1.81 mol Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of molecules in 8.437×10−2 mol C6H6?

5.081×10^22 Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules per mole are there?

6.02×10^23 Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of O atoms in 8.25×10−3 mol Al(NO3)3?

4.47×10^22 Signup and view all the answers

A sample of glucose, C6H12O6, contains 1.210×10^21 carbon atoms. How many atoms of hydrogen does it contain?

2.420×10^21 Signup and view all the answers

A sample of glucose, C6H12O6, contains 1.210×10^21 carbon atoms. How many molecules of glucose does it contain?

2.017×10^20 Signup and view all the answers

A sample of glucose, C6H12O6, contains 1.210×10^21 carbon atoms. How many moles of glucose does it contain?

3.349×10−4 Signup and view all the answers

A sample of glucose, C6H12O6, contains 1.210×10^21 carbon atoms. What is the mass of this sample in grams?

6.028×10−2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for the empirical formula CHO2 with a molar mass of 90.0 g/mol?

C2H2O4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for the empirical formula C2H4O with a molar mass of 176.0 g/mol?

C8H16O4 Signup and view all the answers

For styrene, which contains 92.3% Carbon and 7.7% Hydrogen by mass and has a molar mass of 104 g/mol, what are its empirical and molecular formulas?

CH, C8H8 Signup and view all the answers

For caffeine, which contains 49.5% Carbon, 5.15% Hydrogen, 28.9% Nitrogen, and 16.5% Oxygen by mass and has a molar mass of 195 g/mol, what are its empirical and molecular formulas?

C4H5N2O, C8H10N4O2 Signup and view all the answers

What are the empirical and molecular formulas?

C5H8O4NNa, C5H8O4NNa Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula of ethyl butyrate, given the combustion of 1.95 mg produces 4.42 mg of CO2 and 1.81 mg of H2O?

C3H6O Signup and view all the answers

For nicotine, combusted producing 21.363 mg of CO2 and 6.125 mg of H2O, what is its empirical formula? If the molar mass is around 160 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?

C5H7N, C10H14N2 Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction Na2SiO3(s) + 8HF(aq) → H2SiF6(aq) + 2NaF(aq) + 3H2O(l), how many moles of HF are needed to react with 0.260 mol of Na2SiO3?

2.08 Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction Na2SiO3(s) + 8HF(aq) → H2SiF6(aq) + 2NaF(aq) + 3H2O(l), how many grams of NaF form when 0.580 mol of HF reacts with excess Na2SiO3?

6.09 Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction Na2SiO3(s) + 8HF(aq) → H2SiF6(aq) + 2NaF(aq) + 3H2O(l), how many grams of Na2SiO3 can react with 0.770 g of HF?

0.587 Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction 2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g), how many moles of O2 are needed to burn 1.40 mol of C8H18?

17.5 Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction 2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g), how many grams of O2 are needed to burn 14.0 g of C8H18?

49.0 Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction O3(g) + 2NaI(aq) + H2O(l) → O2(g) + I2(s) + 2NaOH(aq), how many moles of sodium iodide are needed to remove 5.45×10−6 mol O3?

1.09×10−5 Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction O3(g) + 2NaI(aq) + H2O(l) → O2(g) + I2(s) + 2NaOH(aq), how many grams of sodium iodide are needed to remove 1.3 mg of O3?

8.1×10−3 Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g), when 2.10 g of NH3 reacts with 3.85 g of O2, what is the limiting reactant?

O2 Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g), when 2.10 g of NH3 reacts with 3.85 g of O2, how many grams of NO and H2O form?

2.89, 2.60 Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g), when 2.10 g of NH3 reacts with 3.85 g of O2, how many grams of the excess reactant remain after the limiting reactant is completely consumed?

0.461 Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction C6H6 + Br2 → C6H5Br + HBr, what is the theoretical yield of bromobenzene when 33.0 g of benzene reacts with 71.5 g of bromine?

66.3 Signup and view all the answers

If the theoretical yield is 66.3 and the actual yield is 63.7, what is the percentage yield?

96% Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 2NaOH(s) + CO2(g) → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l), which reagent is the limiting reactant when 1.86 mol NaOH and 1.00 mol CO2 are allowed to react?

NaOH Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 2NaOH(s) + CO2(g) → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l), how many moles of Na2CO3 can be produced when 1.86 mol NaOH and 1.00 mol CO2 are allowed to react?

0.93 Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 2NaOH(s) + CO2(g) → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l), how many moles of the excess reactant remain after the completion of the reaction?

0.07 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions and Equations

The balanced equation for the combustion of propene (C3H6) is:
2C3H6(g) + 9O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)*
Phases: gas (g), solid (s), liquid (l).
The thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is represented by:
NH4NO3(s) → N2O(g) + 2H2O(l)*

Types of Chemical Reactions

Combination Reaction: A process in which two or more reactants combine to form one product.
Decomposition Reaction: A reaction where one compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
Combustion Reaction: A reaction where a substance combines with oxygen (O2) producing CO2 and H2O as products.

Stoichiometry and Mole Calculations

The mass of 0.010 mol of cadmium sulfide (CdS) is 1.44 g.
The number of moles of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) in 96.6 g is 1.81 mol.
The number of molecules in 0.08437 mol of benzene (C6H6) is 5.081 × 10^22.
A mole consists of 6.02 × 10^23 molecules.

Atomic and Molecular Composition

In 0.00825 mol of aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3), the number of oxygen atoms is 4.47 × 10^22.
A sample of glucose (C6H12O6) with 1.210 × 10^21 carbon atoms contains 2.420 × 10^21 hydrogen atoms and 2.017 × 10^20 glucose molecules, equating to 3.349 × 10^-4 mol and a mass of 0.06028 g.

Empirical and Molecular Formulas

The molecular formula for a compound with an empirical formula of CHO2 and molar mass of 90.0 g/mol is C2H2O4.
For styrene (C8H8) with a composition of 92.3% C and 7.7% H and a molar mass of 104 g/mol, the empirical formula is CH.
Caffeine’s empirical and molecular formulas from its composition (49.5% C, 5.15% H, 28.9% N, 16.5% O) are C4H5N2O and C8H10N4O2 respectively.

Reactants and Products in Reactions

The empirical formula for ethyl butyrate, from combustion data (producing 4.42 mg CO2, 1.81 mg H2O from 1.95 mg of compound), is C3H6O.
Nicotine's empirical formula is C5H7N, and its molecular formula based on molar mass estimation is C10H14N2.

Reaction Calculations

In the reaction Na2SiO3 + 8HF → H2SiF6 + 2NaF + 3H2O, reacting 0.260 mol of Na2SiO3 requires 2.08 mol of HF.
If 0.580 mol of HF reacts with excess Na2SiO3, it produces 6.09 g of NaF.
0.770 g of HF can react with 0.587 g of Na2SiO3.

Limiting Reactants and Yield

In the reaction 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O, if 2.10 g of NH3 reacts with 3.85 g of O2, oxygen (O2) is the limiting reactant.
From this reaction, the grams of NO and H2O formed are 2.89 g and 2.60 g, with 0.461 g of excess NH3 remaining.
The theoretical yield of bromobenzene from 33.0 g of benzene and 71.5 g of bromine is 66.3 g, with a percentage yield of 96%.

Additional Reaction Information

In 2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O, NaOH is the limiting reactant from the reaction of 1.86 mol NaOH and 1.00 mol CO2, allowing for the production of 0.93 mol of Na2CO3 with 0.07 mol of excess CO2 remaining after the reaction.

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Test your knowledge of balancing chemical equations and identifying phases with these flashcards from Chapter 3 of Chemistry. Each card prompts you with a reaction and the necessary steps to express it correctly. Perfect for mastering the concepts of combination reactions and more.