Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
- Melting ice
- Burning wood (correct)
- Dissolving sugar in water
- Boiling water
A homogeneous mixture is best described as:
A homogeneous mixture is best described as:
- A substance composed of only one type of atom or molecule.
- A mixture where the components are evenly distributed and have a uniform appearance. (correct)
- A combination of two or more substances that can be easily separated.
- A mixture where the components are unevenly distributed and have a non-uniform appearance.
What is the main energy requirement for changing a solid to a liquid?
What is the main energy requirement for changing a solid to a liquid?
- Energy is absorbed to break the strong bonds between particles in a solid. (correct)
- Energy is absorbed to increase the volume of the substance.
- Energy is released as particles in a solid move closer together.
- Energy is released to increase the kinetic energy of the particles.
Which of the following describes a pure substance?
Which of the following describes a pure substance?
What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
Which statement correctly describes isotopes?
Which statement correctly describes isotopes?
What is the correct mole ratio in one mole of water (H2O)?
What is the correct mole ratio in one mole of water (H2O)?
Which concept describes the relationship between energy, frequency, and wavelength in electromagnetic radiation?
Which concept describes the relationship between energy, frequency, and wavelength in electromagnetic radiation?
Which of the following is a characteristic of paramagnetic substances?
Which of the following is a characteristic of paramagnetic substances?
What effect does effective nuclear charge (Zeff) have on ionization energy trends in the periodic table?
What effect does effective nuclear charge (Zeff) have on ionization energy trends in the periodic table?
Which of the following pairs are diatomic elements?
Which of the following pairs are diatomic elements?
In which scenario would a transition require the most energy?
In which scenario would a transition require the most energy?
Which of the following describes lattice energy trends?
Which of the following describes lattice energy trends?
What is the significance of significant figures in calculation?
What is the significance of significant figures in calculation?
Which statement about electron configurations is true?
Which statement about electron configurations is true?
Flashcards
States of Matter
States of Matter
The physical forms of matter, typically solid, liquid, and gas.
Energy Requirements for Changes
Energy Requirements for Changes
The energy needed for matter to change states, like melting or boiling.
Mixtures
Mixtures
A combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties.
Pure Substances
Pure Substances
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Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous
Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous
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Isotopes
Isotopes
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Diatomic elements
Diatomic elements
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Mole Concept
Mole Concept
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Significant Figures
Significant Figures
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Dimensional Analysis
Dimensional Analysis
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Quantum Numbers
Quantum Numbers
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Electron Configuration
Electron Configuration
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Ionization Energy
Ionization Energy
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Electronegativity
Electronegativity
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Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)
Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)
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Study Notes
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
- States of matter and energy changes: Understand the energy requirements for phase transitions (solid to liquid, etc.). Review 1st day simulation examples.
- Classification of matter: Distinguish between mixtures and pure substances, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Recognize these classifications at the molecular level. Refer to workbook pages 3-5 and ALEKS.
Metric Conversions
- Master conversions from Tera to femto. Focus on proper use in calculations.
Significant Figures
- Understand rules for significant figures in addition/subtraction and multiplication/division. Note the difference in application for each operation.
Dimensional Analysis
- Apply dimensional analysis techniques to word problems.
- Include units in all calculations to prevent errors.
- Master multi-step conversions as demonstrated in class.
Chapter 2 Review
- Isotopes: Identify elements and determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons from isotopic symbols. Refer to workbook pages 13-14.
- Periodic Table Families: Understand family properties and trends (page 19-20 of workbook).
- Diatomic Elements: Memorize the 7 diatomic elements.
- Element Classification: Classify elements as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
The Mole Concept
- Chemical Formulas: Apply mole ratios in chemical formulas (e.g., 1 mole of Hâ‚‚O = 2 moles of H).
- Mole Calculations: Understand relationships between moles, Avogadro's number, molar mass, and perform calculations between grams, moles, molecules, and atoms.
- Mole Ratios: Use mole ratios within chemical formulas.
Chapter 3 & 4: Energy in Chemistry
- Kinetic Energy Forms: Identify forms of kinetic energy in chemistry (thermal, electrical, mechanical, sound).
- Potential Energy Forms: Identify forms of potential energy (bond/chemical, electrostatic energy). Understand how charge magnitude impacts electrostatic potential energy.
- Electromagnetic Radiation: Understand electromagnetic radiation.
- Energy, Frequency, and Wavelength: Relate energy, frequency, and wavelength of photons. Know the order of strength from gamma to radio waves.
- Photon vs. Total Energy: Differentiate between energy of a single photon and total energy from multiple photons.
- Electron Energy Level Calculations: Calculate energy, frequency, or wavelength for electrons in specific energy levels or given energy, determine the initial or final energy level. Predict transitions needing more/less energy, higher/lower frequency/wavelength.
- Photoelectric Effect: Understand the photoelectric effect, factors affecting electron ejection, relationship to periodic table position.
- Electronic Configurations/Distributions: Understand electron configuration of elements and ions. Know exceptions to regular filling (reference workbook).
- Isoelectronic Substances: Identify isoelectronic substances based on electronic configuration.
- Paramagnetic/Diamagnetic Substances: Identify paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances.
- Quantum Numbers: Understand each quantum number (principle, azimuthal, magnetic, spin) and their implications for describing electron characteristics. Correlate quantum number labels with their significance. Determine possible values for electrons. Know allowed/disallowed values.
Periodic Trends
- Electron Distribution and Stability: Recognize stable electronic configurations related to periodic trends.
- Atomic/Ionic Size: Predict atomic or ionic size differences (given neutral or ionic species).
- Ionization Energy: Predict trends in first ionization energy and subsequent ionization energies. Identify elements based on ionization energy values.
- Electron Affinity: Determine most and least favorable electron affinities.
- Electronegativity: Predict trends in electronegativity.
- Lattice Energy: Understand lattice energy trends (without calculations).
- Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff): Understand how Zeff controls periodic trends. Explain electron-electron repulsion's role.
Application of Concepts and Data
- Analyze and explain experimental data related to periodic trends (e.g., use examples from pages 44 and 45 of the workbook or ALEKS).
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