Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data called?
What is a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data called?
scientific method
What is the use of the senses to obtain information?
What is the use of the senses to obtain information?
observing
What does observation involve?
What does observation involve?
making measurements and collecting data
What are the two types of data?
What are the two types of data?
Numerical information, for example, a mass of copper ore is 25.7 grams, is what kind of data?
Numerical information, for example, a mass of copper ore is 25.7 grams, is what kind of data?
Non-numerical information, such as 'the sky is blue,' is what kind of data?
Non-numerical information, such as 'the sky is blue,' is what kind of data?
What does experimenting involve?
What does experimenting involve?
What is a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment?
What is a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment?
What are statements that apply to a range of information called?
What are statements that apply to a range of information called?
Scientists use generalizations about data to formulate a _____________, or a testable statement.
Scientists use generalizations about data to formulate a _____________, or a testable statement.
What does testing a hypothesis require?
What does testing a hypothesis require?
What are controls?
What are controls?
What are variables?
What are variables?
If testing reveals that predictions were not correct, the hypothesis must be _______ or ________.
If testing reveals that predictions were not correct, the hypothesis must be _______ or ________.
A __________ in science is more than a physical object; it can be an explanation of how phenomena occur.
A __________ in science is more than a physical object; it can be an explanation of how phenomena occur.
What is one important model in chemistry and what does it state?
What is one important model in chemistry and what does it state?
If a model successfully explains many phenomena, it may become part of a ________.
If a model successfully explains many phenomena, it may become part of a ________.
What is a theory?
What is a theory?
When is a theory considered successful?
When is a theory considered successful?
Measurements are ______ information that represent _________.
Measurements are ______ information that represent _________.
A ___________ is something that has magnitude, size, or amount.
A ___________ is something that has magnitude, size, or amount.
Units of measurement compare what is to be measured with a previously defined size. Nearly every measurement is a number plus a _______.
Units of measurement compare what is to be measured with a previously defined size. Nearly every measurement is a number plus a _______.
Scientists all over the world have agreed on a single measurement system called Le Systeme International d'Unites, abbreviated?
Scientists all over the world have agreed on a single measurement system called Le Systeme International d'Unites, abbreviated?
The SI system was adopted in 1960 by who?
The SI system was adopted in 1960 by who?
How many base units does SI have?
How many base units does SI have?
SI units are defined in terms of?
SI units are defined in terms of?
What are the standards?
What are the standards?
In the U.S. the ____________ plays the main role in maintaining standards and setting style conventions.
In the U.S. the ____________ plays the main role in maintaining standards and setting style conventions.
Name and put in order the stages in the scientific method.
Name and put in order the stages in the scientific method.
Prefixes are added to the names of the SI base units to represent?
Prefixes are added to the names of the SI base units to represent?
Mass is?
Mass is?
What is the SI standard unit for mass?
What is the SI standard unit for mass?
_______ are used for the mass of small objects; 1 _______ is about the mass of a paper clip.
_______ are used for the mass of small objects; 1 _______ is about the mass of a paper clip.
For smaller objects, the ________ is used.
For smaller objects, the ________ is used.
One milligram is ______ of a gram or ____________ of a kilogram.
One milligram is ______ of a gram or ____________ of a kilogram.
Mass is the measure of the amount of matter. ____________ is a measure of the gravitational pull on matter.
Mass is the measure of the amount of matter. ____________ is a measure of the gravitational pull on matter.
Mass is determined by?
Mass is determined by?
Unlike weight, mass does not depend on?
Unlike weight, mass does not depend on?
Mass is measured on instruments such as?
Mass is measured on instruments such as?
Weight is typically measured on a?
Weight is typically measured on a?
The weight of an object on the Moon is about?
The weight of an object on the Moon is about?
What is the standard unit for length?
What is the standard unit for length?
To express longer distances the _____ is used.
To express longer distances the _____ is used.
To express shorter distances the ___________ is used; and is equal to _______ of a meter.
To express shorter distances the ___________ is used; and is equal to _______ of a meter.
Combinations of SI base units form?
Combinations of SI base units form?
Derived units are produced by?
Derived units are produced by?
_______, Pa, is given to combination kg/m(s^2).
_______, Pa, is given to combination kg/m(s^2).
________ the amount of space occupied by an object; the derived SI unit of volume is _____
________ the amount of space occupied by an object; the derived SI unit of volume is _____
When chemists measure volumes of liquids and gases, they often use a non-SI unit called ____ which is equivalent to 1 decimeter.
When chemists measure volumes of liquids and gases, they often use a non-SI unit called ____ which is equivalent to 1 decimeter.
__________ is the ratio of mass to volume, or mass divided by volume.
__________ is the ratio of mass to volume, or mass divided by volume.
The ratio of mass to volume is?
The ratio of mass to volume is?
Density is one property that can help identify a?
Density is one property that can help identify a?
The density varies with?
The density varies with?
Density usually decreases with?
Density usually decreases with?
_______ a ratio derived from the equality between two different units that can be used to convert from one unit to the other.
_______ a ratio derived from the equality between two different units that can be used to convert from one unit to the other.
Because conversion factors are equal to 1, they can be multiplied by other factors in equations without changing the?
Because conversion factors are equal to 1, they can be multiplied by other factors in equations without changing the?
________ is a mathematical technique that allows you to use units to solve problems involving measurements.
________ is a mathematical technique that allows you to use units to solve problems involving measurements.
When you want to use a conversion factor to change a unit in a problem in the following way: ______________________
When you want to use a conversion factor to change a unit in a problem in the following way: ______________________
You can derive conversion factors if you know the relationship between the _______________ and ___________.
You can derive conversion factors if you know the relationship between the _______________ and ___________.
____________ refers to the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured.
____________ refers to the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured.
____________ refers to the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way.
____________ refers to the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way.
The accuracy of an individual value or of an average experimental value can be compared quantitatively with?
The accuracy of an individual value or of an average experimental value can be compared quantitatively with?
_______________________ is calculated by subtracting the accepted value from the experimental value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100.
_______________________ is calculated by subtracting the accepted value from the experimental value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100.
The percentage error has a __________ value if the accepted value is greater than the experimental value.
The percentage error has a __________ value if the accepted value is greater than the experimental value.
The percentage error has a __________ value if the accepted value is less than the experimental value.
The percentage error has a __________ value if the accepted value is less than the experimental value.
____________ in a measurement consist of all the digits known with certainty plus one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated.
____________ in a measurement consist of all the digits known with certainty plus one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated.
Zeros appearing between non-zero digits are?
Zeros appearing between non-zero digits are?
Zeros appearing in front of all non-zero digits are?
Zeros appearing in front of all non-zero digits are?
Zeros at the end of a number and to the right of a decimal point are?
Zeros at the end of a number and to the right of a decimal point are?
Zeros at the end of a number but to the left of a decimal point may or may not be?
Zeros at the end of a number but to the left of a decimal point may or may not be?
If the digit following the last digit to be retained is greater than 5, then the last digit should be?
If the digit following the last digit to be retained is greater than 5, then the last digit should be?
If the digit following the last digit to be retained is less than 5, then the last digit should?
If the digit following the last digit to be retained is less than 5, then the last digit should?
If the digit following the last digit to be retained is 5, followed by nonzero digit(s), the last digit should?
If the digit following the last digit to be retained is 5, followed by nonzero digit(s), the last digit should?
If the digit following the last digit to be retained is 5, not followed by nonzero digit(s) and preceded by an odd digit, then the last digit should be?
If the digit following the last digit to be retained is 5, not followed by nonzero digit(s) and preceded by an odd digit, then the last digit should be?
If the digit following the last digit to be retained is 5, not followed by nonzero digit(s) and the preceding significant digit is even, then the last digit should?
If the digit following the last digit to be retained is 5, not followed by nonzero digit(s) and the preceding significant digit is even, then the last digit should?
When adding or subtracting decimals, the answer must have the ______ number of digits to the ______ of the decimal point as there are in the measurement having the fewest digits to the ______ of the decimal point.
When adding or subtracting decimals, the answer must have the ______ number of digits to the ______ of the decimal point as there are in the measurement having the fewest digits to the ______ of the decimal point.
For multiplication or division, the answer can have no more significant figures than are in the measurement with the ____________ number of significant figures.
For multiplication or division, the answer can have no more significant figures than are in the measurement with the ____________ number of significant figures.
_____________ numbers are written in the form M x 10^n, where the factor M is a number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10.
_____________ numbers are written in the form M x 10^n, where the factor M is a number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10.
In scientific notation M x 10^n. Determine M by moving the decimal point to the _________ to the left or right so that only one _________ digit remains to the left of the decimal point.
In scientific notation M x 10^n. Determine M by moving the decimal point to the _________ to the left or right so that only one _________ digit remains to the left of the decimal point.
Example of addition using scientific notation.
Example of addition using scientific notation.
Example of multiplication using scientific notation.
Example of multiplication using scientific notation.
Example of division using scientific notation.
Example of division using scientific notation.
What are the steps to solving such types of problems?
What are the steps to solving such types of problems?
Explain 4 steps in solving a problem.
Explain 4 steps in solving a problem.
When two quantities are __________ to each other if dividing by one another gives a constant value.
When two quantities are __________ to each other if dividing by one another gives a constant value.
Direct proportion can be expressed as?
Direct proportion can be expressed as?
Inverse proportion can be expressed as?
Inverse proportion can be expressed as?
Which mass is the largest? 0.200g; 0.020kg; 20.0mg; 2000ug
Which mass is the largest? 0.200g; 0.020kg; 20.0mg; 2000ug
What contains 3 significant digits?
What contains 3 significant digits?
Theory differs from hypothesis in that a theory?
Theory differs from hypothesis in that a theory?
All measurements in science?
All measurements in science?
When numbers are multiplied or divided, the answer can have no more?
When numbers are multiplied or divided, the answer can have no more?
Which of the following is not part of the scientific method? making measurements, introducing bias, making an educated guess, analyzing data
Which of the following is not part of the scientific method? making measurements, introducing bias, making an educated guess, analyzing data
The accuracy of a measurement is?
The accuracy of a measurement is?
A measurement of 23465 mg converted to grams equals ________.
A measurement of 23465 mg converted to grams equals ________.
A metal sample has a mass of 45.65 g. The volume of the sample is 16.9 cm^3. The density of the sample is?
A metal sample has a mass of 45.65 g. The volume of the sample is 16.9 cm^3. The density of the sample is?
A recipe for 18 cookies calls for 1 cup of chocolate chips. How many cups of chocolate chips are needed for 3 dozen cookies? What kind of proportion, direct or indirect, did you use to answer this question?
A recipe for 18 cookies calls for 1 cup of chocolate chips. How many cups of chocolate chips are needed for 3 dozen cookies? What kind of proportion, direct or indirect, did you use to answer this question?
Which contains exact numbers? There are 12 eggs in a dozen; the accident injured 21 people; the circumference of the Earth at the equator is 40000 km.
Which contains exact numbers? There are 12 eggs in a dozen; the accident injured 21 people; the circumference of the Earth at the equator is 40000 km.
Flashcards
Scientific Method
Scientific Method
A logical problem-solving process that involves observation, data collection, hypothesis formation, testing, and theory development.
Qualitative Data
Qualitative Data
Non-numerical data that describes qualities or characteristics.
Quantitative Data
Quantitative Data
Numerical data that represents quantities or measurements.
System
System
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Hypothesis
Hypothesis
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Scientific Theory
Scientific Theory
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Experimentation
Experimentation
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SI (International System of Units)
SI (International System of Units)
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Mass
Mass
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Weight
Weight
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Meter (m)
Meter (m)
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Volume
Volume
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Density
Density
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Conversion Factors
Conversion Factors
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Dimensional Analysis
Dimensional Analysis
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Accuracy
Accuracy
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Precision
Precision
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Scientific Notation
Scientific Notation
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Significant Figures
Significant Figures
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Direct Proportion
Direct Proportion
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Inverse Proportion
Inverse Proportion
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Exact Numbers
Exact Numbers
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Measurement Uncertainty
Measurement Uncertainty
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Study Notes
Scientific Method
- Involves a logical problem-solving approach: observing, collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing, and formulating theories based on data.
- Key elements: observation, experimentation, and theorizing.
Types of Data
- Data can be classified as qualitative (non-numerical) or quantitative (numerical).
- Examples:
- Quantitative: mass of an object (e.g., 25.7 grams).
- Qualitative: descriptive information (e.g., "the sky is blue").
Experimentation
- Experiments are conducted under controlled conditions to collect data.
- Systems refer to specific portions of matter selected for study.
Hypotheses and Theories
- A hypothesis is a testable statement based on generalizations about data.
- Successful theories can predict outcomes of new experiments and explain a range of phenomena.
Measurements
- Quantitative information represents quantities and is distinct from general quantities.
- SI (International System of Units) is the standard measurement system globally, adopted in 1960.
Units of Measurement
- SI has 7 base units, such as meters for length and kilograms for mass.
- Prefixes modify the size of units to indicate larger or smaller quantities.
Mass and Weight
- Mass measures the amount of matter, while weight measures the gravitational pull on that matter.
- Mass is determined using a balance, and it remains constant regardless of gravity.
Length and Volume
- The standard unit for length is the meter; kilometers measure longer distances, while centimeters measure shorter ones.
- Volume commonly uses liters for liquids and gases; derived SI unit is cubic meters.
Density
- Density is the ratio of mass to volume, a constant property that can help identify substances, varying with temperature.
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
- Conversion factors relate different units and can be used in dimensional analysis to solve measurement problems.
- Dimensional analysis ensures units are consistent and helps derive conversion factors.
Accuracy and Precision
- Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value; precision refers to consistency in measurements.
- Percentage error quantifies accuracy, calculated by the difference between experimental and accepted values.
Significant Figures
- Significant figures reflect precision in measurements, including all known digits plus one estimated digit.
- Rules govern the treatment of zeros in significant figures and rounding based on the following digits.
Mathematical Operations with Measurements
- When adding/subtracting, results must match the least number of decimal places in the measurements; multiplication/division limits results to the least number of significant figures.
Scientific Notation
- Numbers in scientific notation are expressed as M x 10^n, simplifying large values and facilitating calculations.
Problem Solving in Science
- Steps: analyze the problem, plan a solution, substitute values, and verify the answer.
- Direct and inverse proportions describe relationships between quantities, essential for solving problems.
Common Measurement Conversions
- Conversions include mass from milligrams to grams (1 mg = 1/1000 g) and common mass comparisons.
Exact Numbers and Measurements
- Exact numbers have no uncertainty; examples include counts (12 eggs in a dozen) versus measured values (e.g., an accident statistic).
- Every scientific measurement has some degree of uncertainty, affecting the accuracy and precision of experimental results.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of the scientific method and measurement techniques in this flashcard quiz. You'll review essential concepts related to observations, data collection, and hypothesis testing, all crucial for understanding chemical principles.
