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Questions and Answers
What is the correct symbol for an ion containing 24 protons, 27 neutrons, and 21 electrons?
What is the correct symbol for an ion containing 24 protons, 27 neutrons, and 21 electrons?
51/24 Cr3+
What numbers should be used for the letter 'A' and the letter 'Z' for an isotope of phosphorus-31?
What numbers should be used for the letter 'A' and the letter 'Z' for an isotope of phosphorus-31?
A = 31, Z = 15
Which of the following would be an isotope of tin-119?
Which of the following would be an isotope of tin-119?
120 Sn
What would be the resulting ion if calcium were to lose two electrons?
What would be the resulting ion if calcium were to lose two electrons?
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How many protons are present in an element of argon?
How many protons are present in an element of argon?
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How many neutrons are present in the element of copper, 64Cu?
How many neutrons are present in the element of copper, 64Cu?
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What symbol designates an ion that contains eight protons and 10 electrons?
What symbol designates an ion that contains eight protons and 10 electrons?
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Which element has a total of 79 protons?
Which element has a total of 79 protons?
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How many neutrons are present in the element of bromine, 81Br?
How many neutrons are present in the element of bromine, 81Br?
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What is the correct symbol for an ion containing 34 protons, 44 neutrons, and 36 electrons?
What is the correct symbol for an ion containing 34 protons, 44 neutrons, and 36 electrons?
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What symbol designates an ion that contains 30 protons and 28 electrons?
What symbol designates an ion that contains 30 protons and 28 electrons?
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Which atom has the same number of electrons as a P3- ion?
Which atom has the same number of electrons as a P3- ion?
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Select the atomic symbol that would represent an isotope with 13 protons and 14 neutrons.
Select the atomic symbol that would represent an isotope with 13 protons and 14 neutrons.
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How many protons and neutrons are present in the element of iron, 56Fe?
How many protons and neutrons are present in the element of iron, 56Fe?
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How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in the element of neon, 22Ne?
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in the element of neon, 22Ne?
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Which isotope has the same number of neutrons as Ca-42?
Which isotope has the same number of neutrons as Ca-42?
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Which of the following pairs are isotopes of each other?
Which of the following pairs are isotopes of each other?
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Which of the following would be an isotope of 58Ni?
Which of the following would be an isotope of 58Ni?
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Select the atomic symbol that would represent an isotope with 56 protons and 82 neutrons.
Select the atomic symbol that would represent an isotope with 56 protons and 82 neutrons.
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What would be required for fluorine to form the ion F-?
What would be required for fluorine to form the ion F-?
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Which isotope has the same number of neutrons as N-15?
Which isotope has the same number of neutrons as N-15?
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What would be required for aluminum to form the ion Al3+?
What would be required for aluminum to form the ion Al3+?
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If calcium were to lose two electrons, what would be the resulting ion?
If calcium were to lose two electrons, what would be the resulting ion?
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What would be required for magnesium to form the ion Mg2+?
What would be required for magnesium to form the ion Mg2+?
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What is the identity of the element with a 3- charge and 18 electrons?
What is the identity of the element with a 3- charge and 18 electrons?
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What is the identity of the element with a 2+ charge and 18 electrons?
What is the identity of the element with a 2+ charge and 18 electrons?
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How many protons and electrons are present in an element of strontium?
How many protons and electrons are present in an element of strontium?
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Study Notes
Isotopes
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- They share the same atomic number but have different mass numbers, calculated as the sum of protons and neutrons.
- Isotopes are designated by the format "A/Z X", where "A" is the mass number, "Z" is the atomic number, and "X" is the chemical symbol.
- Example: Phosphorus-31 is represented as 31/15 P.
Ions
- An ion is a charged atom, resulting from an unequal number of protons and electrons.
- Cations form when protons exceed electrons and carry a positive charge.
- Anions form when electrons exceed protons, resulting in a negative charge.
- The identity of an element is determined by its proton count, which remains constant despite ionization.
- For instance, when magnesium loses two electrons, it forms Mg2+.
Atomic Number and Mass Number
- The atomic number indicates the number of protons and is foundational for identifying elements.
- Elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
- The mass number, represented as a superscript, indicates the sum of protons and neutrons.
- Example: In copper (64Cu), there are 29 protons and 35 neutrons.
Neutrons Calculation
- Neutrons can be determined by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.
- Example: For 81Br, the calculation gives 46 neutrons (81 - 35).
Electron Configuration and Charge
- In neutral atoms, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
- For a fluorine atom to become F-, it must gain one electron.
- If nitrogen gains three electrons, it forms the ion N3-.
Specific Element Details
- Argon has 18 protons.
- An atom of gold contains 79 protons, represented by Au.
- Iron (56Fe) has 26 protons and 30 neutrons, maintaining its identity as iron.
- Strontium (Sr) possesses 38 protons and 38 electrons in its neutral state.
Identifying Isotopes
- Isotopes like 70Ga and 69Ga exhibit different mass numbers but the same atomic structure.
- Silver and nickel isotopes can be represented with their respective mass numbers, such as 60Ni as an isotope of 58Ni.
Comparative Neutron Count
- Determining isotopes with equal neutron counts, such as comparing Ca-42 with Ar-40, highlights fundamental similarities and differences among elements.
Element Identity and Ion Formation
- When an atom has a defined charge (e.g., 2+ or 3-), identifying the element hinges on calculating the relationship between protons and electrons.
- For example, an ion with a charge of 3- and 18 electrons corresponds to phosphorus (P), while an ion with a charge of 2+ and 18 electrons correlates with calcium (Ca).
Summary of Isotopic Symbols
- Understanding the representation of isotopes involves associating mass and atomic numbers clearly:
- 138/56 Ba for barium with 56 protons and 82 neutrons,
- 27/13 Al for aluminum with 13 protons and 14 neutrons.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of isotopes in this Chemistry Chapter 2 flashcard quiz. Understand the difference between atomic and mass numbers, and learn how to identify various isotopes. Perfect for reinforcing key concepts in chemistry.
