Questions and Answers
What is the correct symbol for an ion containing 24 protons, 27 neutrons, and 21 electrons?
51/24 Cr3+
What numbers should be used for the letter 'A' and the letter 'Z' for an isotope of phosphorus-31?
A = 31, Z = 15
Which of the following would be an isotope of tin-119?
120 Sn
What would be the resulting ion if calcium were to lose two electrons?
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How many protons are present in an element of argon?
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How many neutrons are present in the element of copper, 64Cu?
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What symbol designates an ion that contains eight protons and 10 electrons?
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Which element has a total of 79 protons?
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How many neutrons are present in the element of bromine, 81Br?
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What is the correct symbol for an ion containing 34 protons, 44 neutrons, and 36 electrons?
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What symbol designates an ion that contains 30 protons and 28 electrons?
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Which atom has the same number of electrons as a P3- ion?
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Select the atomic symbol that would represent an isotope with 13 protons and 14 neutrons.
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How many protons and neutrons are present in the element of iron, 56Fe?
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How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in the element of neon, 22Ne?
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Which isotope has the same number of neutrons as Ca-42?
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Which of the following pairs are isotopes of each other?
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Which of the following would be an isotope of 58Ni?
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Select the atomic symbol that would represent an isotope with 56 protons and 82 neutrons.
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What would be required for fluorine to form the ion F-?
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Which isotope has the same number of neutrons as N-15?
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What would be required for aluminum to form the ion Al3+?
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If calcium were to lose two electrons, what would be the resulting ion?
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What would be required for magnesium to form the ion Mg2+?
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What is the identity of the element with a 3- charge and 18 electrons?
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What is the identity of the element with a 2+ charge and 18 electrons?
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How many protons and electrons are present in an element of strontium?
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Study Notes
Isotopes
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- They share the same atomic number but have different mass numbers, calculated as the sum of protons and neutrons.
- Isotopes are designated by the format "A/Z X", where "A" is the mass number, "Z" is the atomic number, and "X" is the chemical symbol.
- Example: Phosphorus-31 is represented as 31/15 P.
Ions
- An ion is a charged atom, resulting from an unequal number of protons and electrons.
- Cations form when protons exceed electrons and carry a positive charge.
- Anions form when electrons exceed protons, resulting in a negative charge.
- The identity of an element is determined by its proton count, which remains constant despite ionization.
- For instance, when magnesium loses two electrons, it forms Mg2+.
Atomic Number and Mass Number
- The atomic number indicates the number of protons and is foundational for identifying elements.
- Elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
- The mass number, represented as a superscript, indicates the sum of protons and neutrons.
- Example: In copper (64Cu), there are 29 protons and 35 neutrons.
Neutrons Calculation
- Neutrons can be determined by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.
- Example: For 81Br, the calculation gives 46 neutrons (81 - 35).
Electron Configuration and Charge
- In neutral atoms, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
- For a fluorine atom to become F-, it must gain one electron.
- If nitrogen gains three electrons, it forms the ion N3-.
Specific Element Details
- Argon has 18 protons.
- An atom of gold contains 79 protons, represented by Au.
- Iron (56Fe) has 26 protons and 30 neutrons, maintaining its identity as iron.
- Strontium (Sr) possesses 38 protons and 38 electrons in its neutral state.
Identifying Isotopes
- Isotopes like 70Ga and 69Ga exhibit different mass numbers but the same atomic structure.
- Silver and nickel isotopes can be represented with their respective mass numbers, such as 60Ni as an isotope of 58Ni.
Comparative Neutron Count
- Determining isotopes with equal neutron counts, such as comparing Ca-42 with Ar-40, highlights fundamental similarities and differences among elements.
Element Identity and Ion Formation
- When an atom has a defined charge (e.g., 2+ or 3-), identifying the element hinges on calculating the relationship between protons and electrons.
- For example, an ion with a charge of 3- and 18 electrons corresponds to phosphorus (P), while an ion with a charge of 2+ and 18 electrons correlates with calcium (Ca).
Summary of Isotopic Symbols
- Understanding the representation of isotopes involves associating mass and atomic numbers clearly:
- 138/56 Ba for barium with 56 protons and 82 neutrons,
- 27/13 Al for aluminum with 13 protons and 14 neutrons.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of isotopes in this Chemistry Chapter 2 flashcard quiz. Understand the difference between atomic and mass numbers, and learn how to identify various isotopes. Perfect for reinforcing key concepts in chemistry.
