Chemistry Chapter 2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Name two categories used to classify properties of matter.

Intensive and extensive properties

Explain why all samples of a given substance have the same intensive properties.

Every sample of a given substance has the same chemical composition.

Name three states of matter.

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Describe the two categories used to classify physical changes.

Physical changes are either reversible or irreversible. Signup and view all the answers

Which property in Table 2.1 can most easily distinguish sodium chloride from the other solids?

Color; sodium chloride is the only white solid listed. Signup and view all the answers

In what way are liquids and gases alike? In what way are liquids and solids different?

Liquids and gases have an indefinite shape; the shape of a solid is definite, while the shape of a liquid is indefinite. Signup and view all the answers

Is the freezing of mercury a reversible or irreversible physical change? Explain your answer.

The freezing of mercury is reversible because solid mercury can be melted. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why samples of gold and copper can have the same extensive properties, but not the same intensive properties.

Samples of gold and copper can have the same mass and volume (extensive properties) but cannot have the same set of intensive properties because they have different chemical compositions. Signup and view all the answers

How are mixtures classified?

As heterogeneous or homogeneous. Signup and view all the answers

What type of properties can be used to separate mixtures?

Differences in physical properties. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term phase as it relates to homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

A phase is any part of a sample with uniform composition; there is one phase in a homogeneous mixture and two or more phases in a heterogeneous mixture. Signup and view all the answers

Classify each of the following samples of matter as a homogeneous or a heterogeneous mixture.

food coloring = Homogeneous Ice cubes in liquid water = Heterogeneous Mouthwash = Homogeneous Mashed, unpeeled potatoes = Heterogeneous Signup and view all the answers

How are a substance and a solution similar? How are they different?

Both have a uniform composition throughout; a substance has a definite composition, while a solution has a variable composition. Signup and view all the answers

In general, when would you use filtration to separate a mixture? When would you use distillation to separate a mixture?

Filtration separates solids from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture; distillation can separate a liquid from substances dissolved in a liquid. Signup and view all the answers

Describe a procedure that could be used to separate a mixture of sand and table salt.

Add water to dissolve the salt, pour the resulting mixture onto a piece of closely woven cloth, then use evaporation to remove the water from the salt solution. Signup and view all the answers

How is a compound different from an element?

Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements cannot. Signup and view all the answers

How can you distinguish a substance from a mixture?

A substance has a fixed composition, while the composition of a mixture may vary. Signup and view all the answers

What are chemical symbols and chemical formulas used for?

Chemical symbols are used to represent elements, and chemical formulas are used to represent compounds. Signup and view all the answers

Name two methods that can be used to break down compounds into simpler substances.

Heating or an electric current. Signup and view all the answers

Classify each of these samples of matter as an element, a compound, or a mixture.

Table sugar = Compound Tap water = Mixture Cough syrup = Mixture Nitrogen = Element Signup and view all the answers

Write the chemical symbol for each element.

A. Pb, B. O, C. Ag, D. Na, E. H, F. Al Signup and view all the answers

Name the chemical elements represented by the following symbols.

a. Carbon, b. Calcium, c. Potassium, d. Gold, e. Iron, f. Copper Signup and view all the answers

What elements make up the element acetaminophen, chemical formula C8H9O2N? Which element is present in the greatest proportion by number of particles?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; hydrogen is present in the greatest proportion. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Properties of Matter

Properties classified as intensive (do not depend on amount) and extensive (depend on amount).
All samples of a substance share the same intensive properties due to identical chemical composition.

States of Matter

Three primary states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

Physical Changes

Physical changes are categorized as reversible (undoable) or irreversible (not undoable).

Distinguishing Substances

Sodium chloride can be distinguished from other solids by its white color.

Properties of Liquids and Gases

Both liquids and gases possess an indefinite shape, while solids have a definite shape.

Physical Change of Mercury

The freezing of mercury is a reversible change, as it can be melted back into liquid form.

Extensive vs. Intensive Properties

Gold and copper can exhibit similar extensive properties (mass and volume) but differ in intensive properties due to distinct chemical compositions.

Mixture Classifications

Mixtures can be heterogeneous (varied composition) or homogeneous (uniform composition).

Separation of Mixtures

Physical properties differences can be used to separate mixtures.

Phases in Mixtures

A "phase" refers to a uniform composition part; homogeneous mixtures have one phase, while heterogeneous mixtures have two or more.

Classification of Mixtures

Food coloring is homogeneous; ice cubes in water, unpeeled mashed potatoes are heterogeneous; mouthwash is homogeneous.

Comparison of Substance and Solution

Both are uniform in composition; a substance has a definite composition while a solution has a variable composition.

Separation Techniques

Filtration is used to separate solids from liquids in heterogeneous mixtures; distillation separates liquids in a mixture.

Separation of Sand and Salt

Mix sand with water to dissolve salt, filter the mixture to retain sand, then evaporate water from the salt solution to obtain solid salt.

Compounds vs. Elements

Compounds can be broken into simpler substances chemically; elements cannot.

Distinguishing Between Substance and Mixture

A substance has a fixed composition; mixtures have variable compositions.

Chemical Symbols and Formulas

Chemical symbols represent elements; chemical formulas represent compounds.

Breaking Down Compounds

Compounds can be decomposed into simpler substances by methods such as heating or using an electric current.

Classification of Matter Samples

Table sugar is a compound, tap water and cough syrup are mixtures, nitrogen is an element.

Chemical Symbols

Chemical symbols: lead (Pb), oxygen (O), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), hydrogen (H), aluminum (Al).

Elements in Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen (C8H9O2N) consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; hydrogen is the most abundant by number of particles.

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Test your understanding of Chapter 2 in Chemistry with these flashcards. Learn about the classification of properties of matter, the states of matter, and the characteristics of substances. Perfect for reviewing key concepts and preparing for exams.