Chemistry Chapter 18 - Chemical Bonds

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Questions and Answers

What does a chemical formula show?

The shape of a compound

The smell of a compound

What elements a compound contains (correct)

The color of a compound

What does the term 'subscript' mean?

Written below

What is a chemical bond?

The force that holds atoms together in a compound.

What is an ion?

A charged particle that has either more or fewer electrons than protons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cation?

Positively charged ion. Signup and view all the answers

What is an anion?

Negatively charged ion. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an ionic bond?

The force of attraction between opposite charges of ions. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by zero net charge?

When ionic bonds result in a neutral compound. Signup and view all the answers

What is a covalent bond?

The attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule?

Neutral particle that forms as a result of electron sharing. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an ionic compound?

Bonding nonmetals with metals. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a covalent compound?

Bonding nonmetals with other nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

Ionic compounds have a ____ melting point.

higher Signup and view all the answers

Covalent bonds have a _____ melting point.

lower Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonpolar bond?

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally by both atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a polar bond?

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally. Signup and view all the answers

What is a polar molecule?

A molecule in which the unequal sharing of electrons results in a slightly positive and a slightly negative end. Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonpolar molecule?

A molecule that does not have oppositely charged ends. Signup and view all the answers

What is an oxidation number?

A positive or negative number that indicates how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or shared. Signup and view all the answers

What are binary compounds?

Compound composed of two elements. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Formulas and Bonds

A Chemical Formula specifies which elements are present in a compound and the number of atoms of each element.
Subscript indicates the number of atoms in a compound by being written below the element symbol.

Types of Chemical Bonds

A Chemical Bond is the force that holds atoms together in a compound.
Ions are charged particles that can have an imbalance in the number of electrons and protons.
Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions.

Ionic Bonds

An Ionic Bond forms due to the attraction between oppositely charged ions (nonmetals and metals involve the transfer of electrons).
Zero Net Charge indicates that ionic bonds can create a neutral compound overall.

Covalent Bonds

A Covalent Bond is the attraction formed when atoms share electrons (typically between nonmetals).
Molecules are neutral entities formed as a result of electron sharing in covalent bonding.

Types of Compounds

Ionic Compounds result from bonding between metals and nonmetals.
Covalent Compounds involve bonding between nonmetals only.
Ionic Compounds generally have a higher melting point than covalent compounds, which possess a lower melting point.

Molecular Characteristics

Nonpolar Bonds involve equal sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in no charge difference.
Polar Bonds involve unequal sharing, causing one end to be slightly positive and the other slightly negative, leading to the formation of Polar Molecules.
Nonpolar Molecules lack charged ends, maintaining overall neutrality.

Additional Concepts

Oxidation Number indicates the number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares to achieve stability, represented as positive or negative numbers.
Binary Compounds are composed of exactly two different elements.

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Description

Test your knowledge on chemical bonds with this set of flashcards. Each card defines key terms such as chemical formula, subscript, chemical bond, and ion. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of Chapter 18 in chemistry.