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Questions and Answers
What is the most important chemical property of amines?
What is the most important chemical property of amines?
Which classification describes an amine with one nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and one carbon group?
Which classification describes an amine with one nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and one carbon group?
What type of amine includes one or more aryl groups bonded to nitrogen?
What type of amine includes one or more aryl groups bonded to nitrogen?
Which description fits a tertiary (3°) amine?
Which description fits a tertiary (3°) amine?
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What are pyridine and pyrimidine categorized as?
What are pyridine and pyrimidine categorized as?
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Which amine classification describes nitrogen as part of a ring structure?
Which amine classification describes nitrogen as part of a ring structure?
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What distinguishes heterocyclic aliphatic amines from others?
What distinguishes heterocyclic aliphatic amines from others?
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What is the characteristic of a heterocyclic aromatic amine?
What is the characteristic of a heterocyclic aromatic amine?
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Which type of amines cannot form hydrogen bonds with each other?
Which type of amines cannot form hydrogen bonds with each other?
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How are aqueous solutions of amines characterized in terms of basicity?
How are aqueous solutions of amines characterized in terms of basicity?
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Which category of amines is generally considered stronger bases?
Which category of amines is generally considered stronger bases?
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What is the primary factor in naming unsymmetrical secondary and tertiary amines?
What is the primary factor in naming unsymmetrical secondary and tertiary amines?
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Which of the following characteristics is true about low-molecular-weight amines?
Which of the following characteristics is true about low-molecular-weight amines?
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What is the common name for the simplest aromatic amine?
What is the common name for the simplest aromatic amine?
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Which amine is the stronger base in this comparison?
Which amine is the stronger base in this comparison?
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What is true regarding the basicity of amines?
What is true regarding the basicity of amines?
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Which reaction illustrates the basicity of amines?
Which reaction illustrates the basicity of amines?
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What characteristic allows amines to form water-soluble salts with strong acids?
What characteristic allows amines to form water-soluble salts with strong acids?
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Which of the following substances is an alkaloid derived from plants?
Which of the following substances is an alkaloid derived from plants?
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Which category does morphine fall into as an amine?
Which category does morphine fall into as an amine?
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What type of amines are generally more potent bases?
What type of amines are generally more potent bases?
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Which of the following is a common property of all amines when reacting with strong acids?
Which of the following is a common property of all amines when reacting with strong acids?
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Study Notes
Chapter 16: Amines
- Amines are organic compounds containing nitrogen.
- Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are the three most common elements in organic compounds. Nitrogen is the fourth most common.
- Amines are widely distributed in biological systems.
- Amines are basic.
- The functional group of an amine is the amino group (NH2, RNH2, R2NH, or R3N). Here, nitrogen bonds to one, two, or three carbon atoms.
Amine Types
- Primary (1°) amines: Nitrogen is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon group.
- Secondary (2°) amines: Nitrogen is bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon groups.
- Tertiary (3°) amines: Nitrogen is bonded to three carbon groups.
Aliphatic or Aromatic Amines
- Aliphatic amines: All carbon atoms bonded to nitrogen are derived from alkyl groups. Examples include propylamine and sec-butylamine.
- Aromatic amines: One or more of the groups bonded to nitrogen are aryl groups. Examples include aniline and toluidine.
Heterocyclic Amines
- Heterocyclic amines: Nitrogen is part of a ring.
- Heterocyclic aliphatic amines: The ring is saturated.
- Heterocyclic aromatic amines: Nitrogen is part of an aromatic ring. Examples include pyridine, pyrimidine, and purine. These are building blocks for DNA and RNA.
Nomenclature of Amines
- IUPAC names for aliphatic amines are similar to alcohols, replacing the final -e with -amine and indicating the position if the amino group on the parent chain with a number. Examples include 2-propanamine, cyclohexanamine and 1,6-hexanediamine. Common names use alphabetical order for groups bonded to nitrogen, followed by -amine.
- The simplest aromatic amine is aniline (C6H5NH2). Derivatives are named using numbers or ortho (o), meta (m), and para (p) locators. Example: 4-nitroaniline (p-nitroaniline) and 3-methylaniline (m-toluidine).
- Unsymmetrical secondary and tertiary amines are named as N-substituted primary amines. The largest group bonded to nitrogen is the parent amine. The smaller groups are indicated by the prefix N.
Physical Properties of Amines
- Low molecular weight amines have sharp, penetrating odors (like ammonia). Trimethylamine smells like rotting fish.
- Amines are polar compounds.
- Primary and secondary amines associate through intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
- Tertiary amines do not have hydrogen bonding capability.
- All classes of amines form hydrogen bonds with water. Low molecular weight amines are completely soluble in water, while higher molecular weight amines are only moderately soluble or insoluble in water.
Basicity of Amines
- Amines are weak bases, like ammonia (NH3).
- Aqueous solutions of amines are basic.
- Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than aromatic amines.
- Heterocyclic aromatic amines are weaker bases compared to aliphatic amines.
Characteristic Reactions of Amines
- Amines react with strong acids to form water-soluble salts.
- This property allows separation of water-insoluble amines from other non-basic water-insoluble compounds.
- Amines accept protons, forming ammonium salts.
Alkaloids
- Amines found in plants are called alkaloids, which can include poisons, drugs, and addictive substances. Examples include nicotine, strychnine, caffeine, morphine, codeine, heroin, quinine, cocaine, and methadone.
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Description
This quiz focuses on Chapter 16, which covers amines, organic compounds that contain nitrogen. Learn about the different types of amines, including primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, as well as their aliphatic and aromatic classifications. Test your knowledge of the properties and functional groups associated with amines.
