Chemistry Chapter 14 Example Problems
31 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the functional group of an alkene?

carbon-to-carbon double bond

What is the functional group of an alkyne?

carbon-to-carbon triple bond

Does CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 have a functional group?

False

Give the IUPAC name for the compound HOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH.

Signup and view all the answers

Draw the structure for 2-hexanol.

Signup and view all the answers

Draw the structure for 3-methyl-2-pentanol.

Signup and view all the answers

Is isobutyl alcohol primary, secondary, or tertiary?

<p>primary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the LCC in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol?

<p>7 carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ethanol more soluble in water than 1-hexanol?

<p>Ethanol has an OH group and only 2 carbon atoms; 1-hexanol has one OH group for 6 carbon atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does 1-butanol have a lower boiling point than 1-hexanol?

<p>The molar mass of 1-hexanol is greater than that of 1-butanol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for the reaction of 2-butene with water to form 2-butanol.

Signup and view all the answers

Why is methanol more toxic than ethanol?

<p>Methanol is oxidized to formaldehyde, which destroys tissue; ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then acetic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does rubbing alcohol cool a feverish patient?

<p>Evaporation removes heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write an equation for the oxidation of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH.

Signup and view all the answers

In a reaction, compound W with the molecular formula C4H10O is converted to compound X with the formula C4H8O. Is W oxidized, reduced, dehydrated, or none of these?

<p>oxidized</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a reaction, 2 mol of compound Y with the molecular formula C4H10O is converted to 1 mol of compound Z with the formula C8H18O. Is Y oxidized, reduced, or neither?

<p>neither</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the oxidation of propylene glycol to pyruvic acid, what functional groups in the reactant are involved?

<p>two OH groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do phenols differ from alcohols in terms of structure and properties?

<p>Phenols have an OH group attached directly to an aromatic ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do phenols differ in properties from aromatic hydrocarbons?

<p>Phenols have an OH group and are somewhat soluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for each ether CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3?

<p>dipropyl ether</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the ether with the common name derived from isopropyl and methyl groups?

<p>isopropyl methyl ether</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does diethyl ether have a much lower boiling point than 1-butanol?

<p>Diethyl ether has no intermolecular hydrogen bonding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is more soluble in water—ethyl methyl ether or 1-butanol? Explain.

<p>Ethyl methyl ether is more soluble in water than 1-butanol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Classify each compound as an aldehyde or a ketone.

Signup and view all the answers

Give the IUPAC name for glyceraldehyde, (HOCH2CHOHCHO).

<p>2,3-dihydroxypropanal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of their structure makes aldehydes easier to oxidize than ketones?

<p>the H on the carbonyl carbon atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the carbon-to-oxygen bond of aldehydes and ketones differ from the carbon-to-carbon bond of alkenes?

<p>The carbon-to-oxygen double bond is polar; the carbon-to-carbon double bond is nonpolar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional group of a thiol?

<p>SH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the condensed structural formula for ethanethiol (ethyl mercaptan).

<p>CH3CH2SH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional group of a disulfide?

<p>-S-S-</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the condensed structural formula for dipropyl disulfide.

<p>CH3CH2CH2SSCH2CH2CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functional Groups

  • Alkenes feature a carbon-to-carbon double bond; alkynes possess a carbon-to-carbon triple bond.
  • A compound consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen with all single bonds has no functional group.

IUPAC Naming

  • IUPAC naming involves identifying the longest carbon chain and substituents.
  • For the compound HOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH, it contains two hydroxyl (OH) groups.

Structural Drawings

  • Structures for 2-hexanol and 3-methyl-2-pentanol require the correct placement of OH groups and carbon chain arrangements.

Alcohol Classification

  • Isobutyl alcohol is a primary alcohol as the OH-bearing carbon attaches to one other carbon.
  • In 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, the longest carbon chain (LCC) is determined by the chain containing the hydroxyl group, totaling seven carbon atoms.

Solubility and Boiling Points

  • Ethanol is more soluble in water than 1-hexanol due to its fewer carbon atoms and greater interaction with water.
  • 1-hexanol has a higher boiling point than 1-butanol due to its greater molar mass.

Chemical Reactions

  • The reaction of 2-butene with water, using sulfuric acid as a catalyst, produces 2-butanol.
  • Methanol is more toxic than ethanol as it oxidizes to formaldehyde, a harmful substance.

Cooling Mechanism

  • Rubbing alcohol cools the body through heat removal via evaporation.

Oxidation Reactions

  • The oxidation of compounds often involves the removal of hydrogen, as seen with compound W to compound X.
  • Water removal signifies dehydration rather than oxidation in certain reactions.

Transformation and Functional Groups

  • Propylene glycol oxidation introduces ketone and carboxylic acid groups in the product.
  • Oxalate ions form via the oxidation of ethylene glycol, typically through precipitation reactions.

Differences Between Compounds

  • Phenols differ from alcohols by having an OH group directly attached to an aromatic ring and exhibit weak acidity.
  • Compared to aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols are more water-soluble due to the presence of the hydroxyl group.

Ether Naming

  • Diethyl ether is named based on the propyl groups surrounding the oxygen atom.
  • Isopropyl methyl ether comprises an isopropyl group attached to a methyl group via an ether bond.

Boiling Points in Ethers vs. Alcohols

  • Diethyl ether has a lower boiling point than 1-butanol due to the absence of hydrogen bonding.

Aldehydes and Ketones

  • Compounds are classified as aldehydes or ketones based on the position of the carbonyl group.
  • Aldehydes have the carbonyl group on the terminal carbon, while ketones have it on an internal carbon.

IUPAC Naming Guidelines

  • IUPAC naming considers the longest chain and substituents, influencing the final name based on carbon count and positions.

Carbonyl Bonds

  • Aldehydes are more easily oxidized than ketones due to the hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon.
  • Carbon-to-oxygen bonds in carbonyl compounds are polar compared to nonpolar carbon-to-carbon bonds in alkenes.

Thiols and Disulfides

  • Thiols feature the -SH functional group, with ethanethiol's condensed formula as CH3CH2SH.
  • Disulfides contain the -S-S- bond; dipropyl disulfide is represented as CH3CH2CH2SSCH2CH2CH3.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your understanding of functional groups and IUPAC naming from Chemistry Chapter 14. These flashcards cover essential concepts including alkene and alkyne functionalities and evaluation of molecular structures. Perfect for quick revision before exams!

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser