Chemistry Chapter 11 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

In a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more new substances.

True

What is light classified as?

A catalyst (correct)

A product

An element

A reactant

What is a catalyst?

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction but is not used up in a reaction; neither a reactant nor a product.

What are the symbols for solid, liquid, gas, aqueous, catalyst, heat applied to the reaction, and reversible reaction?

(s), (l), (g), (aq), pt, heat or A (over ->) Signup and view all the answers

What must we do to the chemical equation to ensure that the law of conservation of mass holds true?

We must balance it. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first rule in balancing a chemical equation?

First, write the correct chemical equation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the second rule in balancing a chemical equation?

Second, count the total number of atoms of each element on the reactant side and the product side. Signup and view all the answers

What is the third rule in balancing a chemical equation?

Third, balance equations one at a time by using whole number coefficients out front. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fourth rule in balancing a chemical equation?

Fourth, recheck to make sure every element is balanced on both sides. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fifth rule in balancing a chemical equation?

Make sure that the coefficients are in the lowest ratio possible. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five general types of chemical reactions?

Combination/Synthesis, Decomposition, Single-Replacement, Double-Replacement, Combustion. Signup and view all the answers

What is combination?

Two or more substances combine to form a single substance: A + B --> C. Signup and view all the answers

What is a decomposition reaction?

A single compound is broken down into two or more products: AB --> A + B. Signup and view all the answers

What is single-replacement?

One element replaces a second element in a compound: A + BC --> B + AC. Signup and view all the answers

What is double-replacement?

Involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds: AB + CD --> CB + AD. Signup and view all the answers

What is a combustion reaction?

It's when an element or compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy as heat and light. Signup and view all the answers

What is a complete ionic equation?

An equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a spectator ion?

Ions that appear on both sides of an equation and are not directly involved in a reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is a net ionic equation?

Equation for a reaction that shows only particles directly involved in chemical change. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions

In a chemical reaction, substances transform into new substances.
A catalyst enhances the rate of a reaction without being consumed.

Symbols in Chemical Equations

Symbols for states of matter:
- Solid: (s)
- Liquid: (l)
- Gas: (g)
- Aqueous: (aq)
Other symbols include:
- Catalyst: pt (over →)
- Heat applied: heat or A (over →)

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing is crucial to adhere to the law of conservation of mass.
First step: Write the correct chemical equation.
Second step: Count total atoms of each element on both reactant and product sides; treat polyatomic ions as single units.
Third step: Use whole number coefficients to balance equations (do not alter subscripts).
Fourth step: Recheck to ensure all elements are balanced.
Fifth step: Coefficients should be in the lowest possible ratio.

Types of Chemical Reactions

Five general types include:
- Combination/Synthesis: A + B → C
- Decomposition: AB → A + B (often needs energy like heat or light).
- Single-Replacement: A + BC → B + AC
- Double-Replacement: AB + CD → CB + AD (typically produces a precipitate).
- Combustion: Element or compound reacts with oxygen, producing energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Ionic Equations

Complete Ionic Equation: Shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated ions.
Spectator Ions: Ions present on both sides of an equation, not involved in the reaction.
Net Ionic Equation: Displays only the ions and molecules directly participating in the chemical change; must be balanced by charge and mass.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chemistry Chapter 11. Covering key concepts such as chemical reactions, catalysts, and the classification of light, this quiz is a great way to reinforce your understanding. Perfect for exam preparation and quick reviews.