Chemistry Chapter 11 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

In a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more new substances.

True

What is light classified as?

  • A catalyst (correct)
  • A product
  • An element
  • A reactant
  • What is a catalyst?

    A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction but is not used up in a reaction; neither a reactant nor a product.

    What are the symbols for solid, liquid, gas, aqueous, catalyst, heat applied to the reaction, and reversible reaction?

    <p>(s), (l), (g), (aq), pt, heat or A (over -&gt;)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must we do to the chemical equation to ensure that the law of conservation of mass holds true?

    <p>We must balance it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first rule in balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>First, write the correct chemical equation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second rule in balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>Second, count the total number of atoms of each element on the reactant side and the product side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the third rule in balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>Third, balance equations one at a time by using whole number coefficients out front.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fourth rule in balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>Fourth, recheck to make sure every element is balanced on both sides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fifth rule in balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>Make sure that the coefficients are in the lowest ratio possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five general types of chemical reactions?

    <p>Combination/Synthesis, Decomposition, Single-Replacement, Double-Replacement, Combustion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is combination?

    <p>Two or more substances combine to form a single substance: A + B --&gt; C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a decomposition reaction?

    <p>A single compound is broken down into two or more products: AB --&gt; A + B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is single-replacement?

    <p>One element replaces a second element in a compound: A + BC --&gt; B + AC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is double-replacement?

    <p>Involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds: AB + CD --&gt; CB + AD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a combustion reaction?

    <p>It's when an element or compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy as heat and light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complete ionic equation?

    <p>An equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a spectator ion?

    <p>Ions that appear on both sides of an equation and are not directly involved in a reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a net ionic equation?

    <p>Equation for a reaction that shows only particles directly involved in chemical change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Reactions

    • In a chemical reaction, substances transform into new substances.
    • A catalyst enhances the rate of a reaction without being consumed.

    Symbols in Chemical Equations

    • Symbols for states of matter:
      • Solid: (s)
      • Liquid: (l)
      • Gas: (g)
      • Aqueous: (aq)
    • Other symbols include:
      • Catalyst: pt (over →)
      • Heat applied: heat or A (over →)

    Balancing Chemical Equations

    • Balancing is crucial to adhere to the law of conservation of mass.
    • First step: Write the correct chemical equation.
    • Second step: Count total atoms of each element on both reactant and product sides; treat polyatomic ions as single units.
    • Third step: Use whole number coefficients to balance equations (do not alter subscripts).
    • Fourth step: Recheck to ensure all elements are balanced.
    • Fifth step: Coefficients should be in the lowest possible ratio.

    Types of Chemical Reactions

    • Five general types include:
      • Combination/Synthesis: A + B → C
      • Decomposition: AB → A + B (often needs energy like heat or light).
      • Single-Replacement: A + BC → B + AC
      • Double-Replacement: AB + CD → CB + AD (typically produces a precipitate).
      • Combustion: Element or compound reacts with oxygen, producing energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

    Ionic Equations

    • Complete Ionic Equation: Shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated ions.
    • Spectator Ions: Ions present on both sides of an equation, not involved in the reaction.
    • Net Ionic Equation: Displays only the ions and molecules directly participating in the chemical change; must be balanced by charge and mass.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chemistry Chapter 11. Covering key concepts such as chemical reactions, catalysts, and the classification of light, this quiz is a great way to reinforce your understanding. Perfect for exam preparation and quick reviews.

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