Chemistry Chapter 11: Chemical Reactions
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Questions and Answers

Reactants -----> ?

  • Elements
  • Reactors
  • Compounds
  • Products (correct)

    • Do reactants and products have the same properties?

    False

    What are clues that a chemical change has occurred?

    Change in color or odor, formation of precipitate, formation of a gas, change in energy.

    ________ represent chemical reactions.

    <p>Chemical equations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ways to write chemical equations?

    <p>Verbal description or correct symbols and formulas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a skeleton equation?

    <p>An unbalanced equation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of conservation of mass?

    <p>Mass of reactants = mass of products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a catalyst?

    <p>A substance that speeds up chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are enzymes?

    <p>Biological catalysts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the yield sign (---->) represent in a chemical reaction?

    <p>The direction of the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps to balance a chemical reaction?

    <p>Count atoms and use coefficients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When balancing chemical equations, can you change the subscripts?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are coefficients?

    <p>Small whole numbers placed in front of a formula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 5 basic types of chemical reactions?

    <p>Combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a combination/synthesis reaction?

    <p>Reactants combine to form one product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a decomposition reaction?

    <p>A single reactant is broken down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general format for a single replacement reaction?

    <p>A + BC ---&gt; AC + B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format for a double replacement reaction?

    <p>AB + CD ---&gt; AD + CB.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a combustion reaction?

    <p>Oxygen must be one of the reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of the combustion of a hydrocarbon?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that a product may precipitate in a double replacement reaction?

    <p>One product is not soluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If something is soluble, you write ___.

    <p>(aq)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If something is insoluble, you write ___.

    <p>(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does S, I, and sS represent on the solubility table?

    <p>S = (aq), I = (s), sS = (s).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When predicting products, what do you carry over to the products side?

    <p>The subscripts in a polyatomic ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A chemical reaction can be represented by a chemical ______.

    <p>Equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The substances that undergo a chemical change are the ______.

    <p>Reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The new substances formed in a chemical reaction are the ______.

    <p>Products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In accordance with the law of conservation of ______, a chemical equation must be balanced.

    <p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When balancing an equation, you place ______ in front of reactants and products.

    <p>Coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An equation must never be balanced by changing the ______ in the chemical formula.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the special symbol for liquid?

    <p>(l)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the special symbol for solid?

    <p>(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the special symbol for gas?

    <p>(g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a ________ is used to increase the rate of a chemical reaction, its formula is written above the arrow.

    <p>Catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an equation, a substance is shown to be in the gaseous state by placing an upward-pointing arrow after its formula.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The symbol Δ placed over the arrow in an equation means that heat is supplied to the reaction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atoms are destroyed in a chemical reaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A skeleton equation is always unbalanced.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is possible to ______ the products of some chemical reactions.

    <p>Predict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a _____ reaction, the reactants are two or more _____ and/or compounds that produce a ______ product.

    <p>Combination/Synthesis; substances; compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a ______ reaction, a single compound is broken down into two or more simpler substances.

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a _____ reaction, the reactants and products include an element and a compound.

    <p>Single Replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ can be used to predict whether most single-replacement reactions will take place.

    <p>Activity series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ______ reaction involves the exchange of ions between two ionic compounds in ______ solution.

    <p>Double Replacement; Aqueous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the reactants in a combustion reaction is ______.

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The products of the complete combustion of hydrocarbon are ______ and ______.

    <p>Carbon dioxide; Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a decomposition reaction, there is a single reactant.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The activity series of metals can sometimes be used to predict products in double-replacement reactions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Reactions Overview

    • Reactants are transformed into products during a chemical reaction.
    • Properties of products differ from those of reactants.

    Indicators of Chemical Change

    • Change in color or odor can signal a reaction.
    • Formation of a precipitate indicates that a solid has formed from a solution.
    • Production of gas is a common sign of a chemical change.
    • Changes in energy, such as temperature increase or decrease, may occur.

    Chemical Equations

    • Chemical equations represent chemical reactions.
    • Can be expressed in word form (e.g., hydrogen + oxygen → water) or with chemical symbols (e.g., H2 + O2 → H2O).
    • A skeleton equation is an unbalanced representation of a reaction.

    Law of Conservation of Mass

    • Mass of reactants equals mass of products; the number of each atom must be the same on both sides of the equation.

    Catalysts

    • Catalysts speed up chemical reactions without being consumed; enzymes are biological catalysts.

    Balancing Chemical Reactions

    • To balance equations, count atoms on both sides and adjust coefficients, not subscripts.
    • Coefficients are small whole numbers placed before formulas to ensure equal atom numbers.

    Types of Chemical Reactions

    • Combination/Synthesis: Two or more reactants form one product (e.g., 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O).
    • Decomposition: A single compound breaks into simpler substances (e.g., 2 HI → H2 + I2).
    • Single Replacement: An element replaces another in a compound (e.g., Zn + Cu(NO3)2 → Cu + Zn(NO3)2).
    • Double Replacement: Exchange of ions between two ionic compounds in solution (e.g., CaBr2 + 2 AgNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2 AgBr).
    • Combustion: A reaction that involves oxygen, producing CO2 and H2O from hydrocarbons (e.g., CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O).

    Solubility in Reactions

    • For double replacement reactions, one product must be insoluble, a gas, or water to proceed.
    • Soluble substances are denoted as (aq) and insoluble as (s).

    Predicting Reaction Products

    • Carry over subscripts only from polyatomic ions when predicting products.
    • Recognizing types of reactions helps in predicting their products.

    Symbols in Chemical Equations

    • Liquid, solid, and gas states are represented as (l), (s), and (g) respectively.
    • Δ above the yield sign indicates that heat is supplied in the reaction.

    Fundamental Concepts

    • Atoms are conserved in chemical reactions; they are not destroyed.
    • A skeleton equation can be balanced under certain conditions.
    • The activity series is crucial for predicting outcomes of single replacement reactions.

    Examination Statements

    • Balancing equations requires coefficients; never modify subscripts as it alters substance identity.
    • True statements include that combustion reactions require oxygen and that the products of hydrocarbon combustion are CO2 and H2O.
    • The activity series assists in predicting whether single-replacement reactions will occur.

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    Explore key concepts from Chapter 11 on chemical reactions through interactive flashcards. Learn about the difference between reactants and products, and identify signs of chemical changes. This quiz will help solidify your understanding of essential chemistry principles.

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