Chemistry Chapter 11: Chemical Reactions

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Questions and Answers

_ _ is a representation of a chemical reaction with reactants on the left, products on the right, and an arrow separating the two.

chemical equation

____ _ is a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products.

skeleton equation

What is a catalyst?

A substance that speeds up the reaction but is not used up in the reaction.

A ______ is a small whole number ratio that is placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it.

coefficient Signup and view all the answers

A _ is an equation where each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element, and mass is conserved.

balanced equation Signup and view all the answers

Iron + oxygen ---> iron (III) oxide is an example of a(n) ___ .

word equation Signup and view all the answers

Fe + O2 ---> Fe2O3 is an example of a(n) _ _.

chemical equation Signup and view all the answers

What do (s), (g), (l), and (aq) stand for?

solid, gas, liquid, and aqueous Signup and view all the answers

What is a combination reaction?

A chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a decomposition reaction?

A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products. Signup and view all the answers

What is a single replacement reaction?

A chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound. Signup and view all the answers

What is a double replacement reaction?

A chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds. Signup and view all the answers

What is a combustion reaction?

A chemical change in which an element or compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat or light. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five general types of chemical reactions?

combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged. Signup and view all the answers

How many general types of chemical reactions are there?

5 Signup and view all the answers

When does a chemical reaction occur?

When one or more reactants change into one or more new substances called products. Signup and view all the answers

What does the arrow in a reaction mean?

yield, give, or reacts to produce Signup and view all the answers

What are the elements that only exist on their own as diatomic molecules?

N, H, F, O, I, Cl, Br Signup and view all the answers

What is the memory device to remember the elements that only exist on their own as diatomic molecules?

Never Have Fear Of Ice Cold Beer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions Overview

A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction, with reactants on the left and products on the right, separated by an arrow.
A skeleton equation shows the formulas without indicating the amounts of reactants or products.

Key Definitions

Catalyst: A substance that accelerates a reaction without being consumed.
Coefficient: Whole numbers placed before formulas in balanced equations to ensure mass conservation.
Balanced equation: An equation that has equal numbers of atoms for each element on both sides, conserving mass.

Types of Reactions

Combination reaction: Two or more substances combine to form a new substance.
Decomposition reaction: A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products.
Single replacement reaction: An element replaces another in a compound.
Double replacement reaction: Positive ions are exchanged between two compounds.
Combustion reaction: A substance reacts with oxygen, releasing heat and light.

Representations of Chemical Reactions

Word equation: Describes reactants and products using words (e.g., Iron + oxygen → iron(III) oxide).
Chemical equation: Uses chemical symbols and formulas (e.g., Fe + O₂ → Fe₂O₃).
Complete ionic equation: Shows dissolved ionic compounds as free ions.
Net ionic equation: Displays only participating ions directly involved in the reaction.

Activity Series

A list of metals ordered by their reactivity, crucial in predicting the outcomes of single replacement reactions.

Writing Chemical Equations

To write a word equation, list reactants on the left, products on the right, separated by plus signs.
For a skeleton equation, place the chemical formulas of reactants and products appropriately around the yield sign (arrow).
Balanced chemical equations maintain mass conservation, adhering to the Law of Conservation of Mass.

Special Considerations

Diatomic molecules: Certain elements (H, N, F, O, I, Cl, and Br) naturally exist as diatomic molecules. A mnemonic is "Never Have Fear Of Ice Cold Beer".
Endothermic reactions absorb heat, whereas exothermic reactions release heat.
Spectator ions do not participate in the chemical change and appear unchanged on both sides of the equation.

Examples

Synthesis reaction: 2CO + O₂ → 2CO₂.
Decomposition reaction: 2HgO → 2Hg + O₂.
Combustion reaction: CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O.

Understanding Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction occurs during the transformation of reactants into products.
The arrow (→) signifies yielding or producing new substances.

These points provide a concise overview of the essentials in chemical reactions, including types, terminology, and key concepts important for understanding chemical processes.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of chemical reactions with this quiz based on Chapter 11. Test your knowledge of key terms such as chemical equations, skeleton equations, and catalysts. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of how reactions are represented in chemistry.