Questions and Answers
What is the word for the amount of a substance that contains $6.02 imes 10^{23}$ representative particles?
Mole
What is Avogadro's number?
6.02 x 10(23) particles
What is a representative particle?
The smallest unit in which a substance can be broken down without a change in composition.
What is molar mass?
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What does Avogadro's hypothesis state?
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What does standard temperature and pressure (STP) mean?
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What is the molar volume at STP?
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What is percent composition?
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What is an empirical formula?
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List three common ways that matter is measured.
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What is the representative particle of oxygen gas?
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What is the representative particle of sodium sulfide?
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What is the representative particle of sulfur dioxide?
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What is the representative particle of potassium?
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How many hydrogen atoms are in a representative particle of Al(OH)3?
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How many hydrogen atoms are in the particle (NH4)2HPO4?
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Study Notes
Key Terms and Definitions
- Mole: Represents 6.02 x 10²³ representative particles of a substance.
- Avogadro's Number: Equal to 6.02 x 10²³, indicating the number of particles in one mole of a substance.
- Representative Particle: The smallest unit (atom, molecule or ion) of a substance that retains its chemical properties.
- Molar Mass: The mass of one mole of a substance, measured in grams per mole (g/mol).
- Avogadro's Hypothesis: Equal volumes of gases, under the same temperature and pressure conditions, contain the same number of particles.
- Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): Defined as 0°C and 101.3 kPa (1 atm).
- Molar Volume: At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters.
Composition and Ratios
- Percent Composition: Indicates the mass percentage of each element within a compound.
- Empirical Formula: Displays the lowest whole-number ratio of atoms or moles of elements in a compound, providing insight at atomic or molar levels.
Measurement of Matter
- Common methods for measuring matter include:
- Numbers
- Mass
- Volume
Representative Particles in Different Substances
- Oxygen Gas: Represented as a molecule.
- Sodium Sulfide: Represented as a formula unit.
- Sulfur Dioxide: Represented as a molecule.
- Potassium: Represented as an atom.
Hydrogen Atom Count in Compounds
- Al(OH)₃ contains 3 hydrogen atoms per representative particle.
- (NH₄)₂HPO₄ contains 9 hydrogen atoms per particle.
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Description
This quiz covers essential terms and definitions from Chapter 10 of your chemistry textbook. Focused on concepts such as moles and Avogadro's number, it will help reinforce your understanding of these fundamental topics. Prepare effectively for your upcoming tests with these study flashcards.
