Chemistry Chapter 10: Properties of Matter
44 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of an intensive property?

  • Volume
  • Melting point (correct)
  • Mass
  • Weight

Flammable substances are non-volatile.

False (B)

What is rust primarily caused by?

The chemical reaction between iron and moisture in the air.

The ability to be hammered into thin sheets is known as ______.

<p>malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following properties with their correct descriptions:

<p>Color = Pigment of a substance Luster = How matter reflects light Viscosity = How liquids easily flow Brittleness = Ability of an object to break apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property describes a substance's ability to resume its shape?

<p>Elasticity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All phases of matter have a definite shape.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of solids?

<p>Solids have a definite shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?

<p>Liquid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solid can flow like a gas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when a gas loses its electrons?

<p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

The state of matter that exists at extremely low temperatures is called __________.

<p>Bose-Einstein condensate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following states of matter with their characteristics:

<p>Solid = Definite shape and volume Liquid = Definite volume but takes shape of container Gas = No definite shape or volume Plasma = Fluid-like state with charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the change of a substance from one phase to another?

<p>Phase change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Molecules in a gas are tightly packed together.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one action that can cause a physical change.

<p>Cutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a gas turns directly into a solid?

<p>Deposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plasma is formed when gas particles lose energy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for the gold foil experiment?

<p>Ernest Rutherford</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ice when the temperature rises above 0°C?

<p>It melts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smallest particle of matter is called an __________.

<p>atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vaporization occurs only when a liquid reaches its boiling point.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scientists with their contributions:

<p>Democritus = Proposed that atoms are indivisible Ernest Rutherford = Discovered the nucleus J.J. Thomson = Identified the electron Robert Millikan = Measured the charge of the electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an atom when it gains or loses an electron?

<p>It becomes ionized and highly reactive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a solid turns into a gas without becoming a liquid?

<p>sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

A substance changes from gas to liquid during the process of ______.

<p>condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The modern atomic model represents electrons as being located in defined orbits around the nucleus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a phase diagram?

<p>A graphical representation of phase changes with temperature and pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the electron and in what year?

<p>Joseph John Thomson in 1897</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the atomic model proposed by Rutherford, the atom is mostly solid.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the phase of matter with its description:

<p>Solid = Molecules are closely packed and vibrate in place Liquid = Has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container Gas = Fills the entire volume of its container Melting = The process of converting solid to liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the process of freezing?

<p>A liquid turns into a solid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms consist of a __________ charged nucleus and negatively charged particles around it.

<p>positively</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Thomson’s model, atoms were thought to resemble __________ due to positively and negatively charged components.

<p>plum pudding</p> Signup and view all the answers

The molecular forces in a liquid are stronger than those in a gas.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scientists with their contributions:

<p>Joseph John Thomson = Discovered the electron Millikan = Refined electron mass measurement Dalton = Atomic theory foundation Rutherford = Nuclear model of the atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when water vapor comes into contact with a cool surface?

<p>condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the first atomic theory?

<p>John Dalton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neutrons are positively charged particles that stabilize the atom's nucleus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

<p>the number of protons in its nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Dalton's atomic theory, atoms of different elements combine in whole number ratios to form _____ .

<p>compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in fixed circular orbits?

<p>Planetary model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass number of an element is the combined number of _____ and _____ present in its nucleus.

<p>protons, neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four elements proposed by Aristotle that make up matter?

<p>Air, Fire, Water, Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Extensive Property

A property of matter that depends on the amount of matter present.

Intensive Property

A property of matter that does not depend on the amount of matter present.

Volatility

The tendency of a liquid to vaporize.

Flammability increase

When a volatile substance mixes with air, making it easier to catch fire

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rusting

A chemical reaction between an iron and oxygen in the air and moisture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phases of Matter

The different forms of matter (solid, liquid, and gas).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Solid's Shape

A solid has a definite shape.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Molecule Motion

Molecules are constantly in motion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Freezing/Solidification

The process where a liquid changes to a solid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vaporization

The process where a liquid turns into a gas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evaporation

Vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Condensation

The process where a gas turns into a liquid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sublimation

The process where a solid turns directly into a gas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Solid State

Matter with closely packed molecules and fixed shape.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liquid State

Matter with loosely packed molecules, definite volume but takes shape of its container.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ions

Electrically charged atoms that are highly reactive due to gaining or losing electrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

JJ Thomson's Model

The 'plum pudding' model of an atom, portraying a positively charged substance with negatively charged electrons scattered within it.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electron Discovery

Joseph John Thomson discovered electrons through cathode ray tube experiments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electron Charge

Electrons carry a negative charge, and their mass is significantly smaller than that of a hydrogen atom (approximately 1/1840).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atomic Structure (Modern)

Atoms possess a nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conductor (heat/electricity)

A material that allows heat or electricity to flow through it easily.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physical Change

A change in the appearance of matter without changing the substance itself.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liquid

A state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape, taking the shape of its container.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plasma

An energized gas that has lost its electrons, a fluid-like state between liquid and gas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bose-Einstein condensate

A very cold state of matter where molecules clump together and no longer move.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Solid

A state of matter with a definite shape and volume; molecules are closely packed together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phase Change

A reversible physical change that causes a substance to transition between different states (solid, liquid, gas, etc.).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gaseous Molecules

Gaseous molecules are far apart, energetic, and move rapidly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phase Diagram

A graph showing how the phase of a substance changes with temperature and pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deposition

When a gas turns directly into a solid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atomic Model

A representation of an atom based on scientific observations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ernest Rutherford

A scientist who conducted the gold foil experiment and proposed a model of the atom.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nuclear Model

Rutherford's atomic model, describing an atom with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus, with negatively charged particles around it.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atomic Theory (Democritus)

The idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called atoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atom

The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dalton's Atomic Theory

The first atomic theory proposing that elements are made of indivisible particles (atoms) and that atoms of the same element are identical.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines the element.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mass Number

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neutron

A subatomic particle with no charge found in an atom's nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle orbiting the atom's nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleus

The positively charged central core of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Modern Atomic Theory

The current understanding of atoms based on multiple scientists' findings, including the subatomic particles and their arrangement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Chapter 10: Properties of Matter

  • Matter is composed of atoms and molecules
  • Elements are pure substances of one kind of atom
  • Compounds are combinations of two or more elements
  • Molecules can be formed by atoms of the same element (e.g., O2)

Properties of Matter

  • Properties describe characteristics of an object
  • Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance's composition
  • Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter (e.g., mass, volume)
  • Intensive properties do not depend on the amount (e.g., density, melting point)
  • Intensive properties include color, odor, luster, malleability, ductility, hardness, viscosity, texture, durability, brittleness, elasticity, and ability to conduct heat/electricity

Physical Changes

  • Physical changes alter the appearance but not the chemical composition
  • Examples include cutting, folding, grinding, bending

Chemical Properties

  • Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to undergo chemical changes
  • Chemical changes result in the formation of new substances and involve energy exchange (often releasing heat as in combustion)
  • Flammability is the ability to catch fire at low temperatures, related to flash point.
  • Volatility is the tendency of a liquid to vaporize
  • Reaction with water: substances reacting with water and creating new substances

Phases of Matter

  • Matter exists in solid, liquid, and gaseous phases
  • Solids have definite shape and volume; molecules are tightly packed
  • Liquids have definite volume but take the shape of the container; molecules are less tightly packed and can move around each other
  • Gases have neither definite shape nor volume; molecules are widely dispersed and move freely

Phase Changes

  • Melting: solid to liquid
  • Freezing/solidification: liquid to solid
  • Vaporization: liquid to gas
  • Evaporation: liquid to gas (at any temperature)
  • Condensation: gas to liquid
  • Sublimation: solid to gas
  • Deposition: gas to solid
  • Phase changes involve energy transfer

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Science 3rd Unit Exam Notes PDF

Description

Explore the essential concepts related to the properties of matter in this quiz. Understand the differences between physical and chemical properties, and learn about extensive and intensive properties of substances. Test your knowledge on elements, compounds, and the nature of physical changes in matter.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser