Chemistry Chapter 10: Properties of Matter
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of an intensive property?

  • Volume
  • Melting point (correct)
  • Mass
  • Weight

    • Flammable substances are non-volatile.

    False

    What is rust primarily caused by?

    The chemical reaction between iron and moisture in the air.

    The ability to be hammered into thin sheets is known as ______.

    <p>malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Color = Pigment of a substance Luster = How matter reflects light Viscosity = How liquids easily flow Brittleness = Ability of an object to break apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property describes a substance's ability to resume its shape?

    <p>Elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All phases of matter have a definite shape.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of solids?

    <p>Solids have a definite shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A solid can flow like a gas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when a gas loses its electrons?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The state of matter that exists at extremely low temperatures is called __________.

    <p>Bose-Einstein condensate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following states of matter with their characteristics:

    <p>Solid = Definite shape and volume Liquid = Definite volume but takes shape of container Gas = No definite shape or volume Plasma = Fluid-like state with charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the change of a substance from one phase to another?

    <p>Phase change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecules in a gas are tightly packed together.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one action that can cause a physical change.

    <p>Cutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a gas turns directly into a solid?

    <p>Deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasma is formed when gas particles lose energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for the gold foil experiment?

    <p>Ernest Rutherford</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ice when the temperature rises above 0°C?

    <p>It melts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The smallest particle of matter is called an __________.

    <p>atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vaporization occurs only when a liquid reaches its boiling point.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists with their contributions:

    <p>Democritus = Proposed that atoms are indivisible Ernest Rutherford = Discovered the nucleus J.J. Thomson = Identified the electron Robert Millikan = Measured the charge of the electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an atom when it gains or loses an electron?

    <p>It becomes ionized and highly reactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when a solid turns into a gas without becoming a liquid?

    <p>sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance changes from gas to liquid during the process of ______.

    <p>condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The modern atomic model represents electrons as being located in defined orbits around the nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a phase diagram?

    <p>A graphical representation of phase changes with temperature and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered the electron and in what year?

    <p>Joseph John Thomson in 1897</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the atomic model proposed by Rutherford, the atom is mostly solid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phase of matter with its description:

    <p>Solid = Molecules are closely packed and vibrate in place Liquid = Has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container Gas = Fills the entire volume of its container Melting = The process of converting solid to liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the process of freezing?

    <p>A liquid turns into a solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atoms consist of a __________ charged nucleus and negatively charged particles around it.

    <p>positively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Thomson’s model, atoms were thought to resemble __________ due to positively and negatively charged components.

    <p>plum pudding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The molecular forces in a liquid are stronger than those in a gas.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists with their contributions:

    <p>Joseph John Thomson = Discovered the electron Millikan = Refined electron mass measurement Dalton = Atomic theory foundation Rutherford = Nuclear model of the atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when water vapor comes into contact with a cool surface?

    <p>condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the first atomic theory?

    <p>John Dalton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrons are positively charged particles that stabilize the atom's nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the atomic number of an element represent?

    <p>the number of protons in its nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Dalton's atomic theory, atoms of different elements combine in whole number ratios to form _____ .

    <p>compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in fixed circular orbits?

    <p>Planetary model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mass number of an element is the combined number of _____ and _____ present in its nucleus.

    <p>protons, neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four elements proposed by Aristotle that make up matter?

    <p>Air, Fire, Water, Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 10: Properties of Matter

    • Matter is composed of atoms and molecules
    • Elements are pure substances of one kind of atom
    • Compounds are combinations of two or more elements
    • Molecules can be formed by atoms of the same element (e.g., O2)

    Properties of Matter

    • Properties describe characteristics of an object
    • Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance's composition
    • Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter (e.g., mass, volume)
    • Intensive properties do not depend on the amount (e.g., density, melting point)
    • Intensive properties include color, odor, luster, malleability, ductility, hardness, viscosity, texture, durability, brittleness, elasticity, and ability to conduct heat/electricity

    Physical Changes

    • Physical changes alter the appearance but not the chemical composition
    • Examples include cutting, folding, grinding, bending

    Chemical Properties

    • Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to undergo chemical changes
    • Chemical changes result in the formation of new substances and involve energy exchange (often releasing heat as in combustion)
    • Flammability is the ability to catch fire at low temperatures, related to flash point.
    • Volatility is the tendency of a liquid to vaporize
    • Reaction with water: substances reacting with water and creating new substances

    Phases of Matter

    • Matter exists in solid, liquid, and gaseous phases
    • Solids have definite shape and volume; molecules are tightly packed
    • Liquids have definite volume but take the shape of the container; molecules are less tightly packed and can move around each other
    • Gases have neither definite shape nor volume; molecules are widely dispersed and move freely

    Phase Changes

    • Melting: solid to liquid
    • Freezing/solidification: liquid to solid
    • Vaporization: liquid to gas
    • Evaporation: liquid to gas (at any temperature)
    • Condensation: gas to liquid
    • Sublimation: solid to gas
    • Deposition: gas to solid
    • Phase changes involve energy transfer

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    Description

    Explore the essential concepts related to the properties of matter in this quiz. Understand the differences between physical and chemical properties, and learn about extensive and intensive properties of substances. Test your knowledge on elements, compounds, and the nature of physical changes in matter.

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