Chemistry Bonding and Structures

Study Notes

Bonding

Draw Lewis Dot diagrams for atoms, ions, ionic compounds, molecular compounds, and polyatomics
Draw Structural Diagrams for molecular compounds
Calculate Electronegativity
Determine and draw VSEPR shapes for molecular compounds and know the bond angles of each shape
Determine Bond Polarity using Dipole Theory
Understand the difference between intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces
Define and explain intermolecular forces:
- Dipole-dipole forces
- Hydrogen bonding
- London (dispersion) forces
Understand the effects on boiling point and rank molecules' boiling points
Interpret graphs

Gases

Describe the four properties of gases
Define pressure and state SATP and STP
Convert pressures and temperatures between Kelvin and Celsius
Describe the relationship between:
- Temperature, pressure, and volume
- Pressure and volume
Apply Boyle's Law
Describe the properties of:
- Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)
- Ideal Gas
- Real Gas
Use and apply the Ideal Gas Law and know the Ideal Gas Constant
Describe Avogadro's Theory and the relationship between volume and moles at constant pressure and temperature

Solutions

Distinguish between mixtures and solutions
Define and describe dissociation and ionization
Calculate:
- Percent by Volume
- Percent by weight Volume
- PPM and PPB
- Molar concentration (mol/L)
Write balance dissociation/ionization equations
Determine ion concentration and concentration of a standard solution
Create a standard solution and calculate dilution
Perform a standard dilution

Acids and Bases

Describe the properties of acids and bases
Name acids and bases
Define the hydronium ion
Describe the ionization of water
Understand how dilution affects pH and [H3O+]
Determine pH and pOH from a dissolved compound
Differentiate between monoprotic and polyprotic indicators
Estimate pH/pOH of a compound using indicators
Describe weak/strong acids and bases
Acids ionize and bases dissociate

Stoichiometry

Write net ionic equations
Describe spectator ions and stoichiometry
Recall types of reaction and differentiate between excess reagent and limiting reagent
Understand species in a chemical reaction are related through molar ratio
Write stoichiometry statements to calculate unknowns in a reaction
Determine:
- Percent yield
- Mass of reactant/product of gaseous reaction
Use molar volume to convert volume into moles
Determine volume/mass of entities using stoichiometry
Use concentration to convert from volume to moles (and inversely)
Use stoichiometry for mixed problem types

Description

Test your understanding of chemical bonding and structures by drawing Lewis Dot diagrams, determining VSEPR shapes, and identifying intermolecular forces. Calculate electronegativity and bond polarity, and learn about molecular compounds and polyatomics.