Chemistry: Biomolecules and Carbon Bonds

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What type of bond does carbon form by sharing its four electrons with other atoms?

Polar covalent bond
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
Covalent bond (correct)

Which atoms are common in biomolecules besides carbon?

Oxygen and nitrogen (correct)
Helium and neon
Sodium and chlorine
Silicon and phosphorus

What are polymers in the context of biomolecules?

Molecules consisting of repeated subunits (correct)
Molecules with complex structures
Molecules with a single unit
Simple sugars

Which group can glucose be classified into?

Monosaccharides (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of biomolecule?

Carbohydrates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What enables carbon-containing molecules to be large and complex?

The ability to share four electrons and form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for fructose and galactose?

C6H12O6 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which monosaccharides are important components of nucleotides?

Ribose and deoxyribose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for sucrose?

Table sugar (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide is found in animal cells and used for storing energy?

Glycogen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the body to store energy in the form of glycogen rather than monosaccharides?

To prevent cells from swelling and bursting due to osmotic force (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide is found in plants and consumed by humans for energy?

Starch (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when monosaccharides are linked together to form disaccharides and polysaccharides?

Condensation reaction occurs, producing water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when disaccharides and polysaccharides are broken down to their monosaccharide subunits?

Hydrolysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for cellulose, a polysaccharide found in plants?

Dietary fiber (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of polysaccharides in addition to storing energy?

Important components of cell membranes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond does carbon form by sharing its four electrons with other atoms?

Covalent bond (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of biomolecule consists of repeated subunits and polymers of amino acids?

Proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common monosaccharide that serves as an important source of energy for cells?

Glucose (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond enables carbon-containing molecules to be large and complex?

Covalent bond (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for glucose, the most common monosaccharide?

$C_6H_{12}O_6$ (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which group can glucose be classified into based on its chemical structure?

Monosaccharides (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrates are formed by the covalent bonding of several monosaccharides?

Polysaccharides (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for fructose and galactose?

$C6H12O6$ (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is known as dietary fiber and is found in plants?

Cellulose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when monosaccharides are linked together to form disaccharides and polysaccharides?

Condensation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is composed of a glucose subunit and a fructose subunit joined together?

Sucrose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for lactose?

Milk sugar (D) Signup and view all the answers

$C6H9O6$ + $C6H12O6$ -> ??

$C12H22O11$ (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when disaccharides and polysaccharides are broken down to their monosaccharide subunits?

Hydrolysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrates exerts an osmotic force that could draw water into cells if stored in its monosaccharide form?

Monosaccharides (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the polymer of glucose subunits found in animal cells?

Glycogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What enables carbon-containing molecules to be large and complex?

Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds with other atoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Covalent Bond

A bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms.

Common Atoms in Biomolecules

Oxygen and nitrogen are besides carbon.