Chemistry Basics

Study Notes

Inorganic Chemistry: Study of inorganic compounds, such as salts, metals, and acids.
Organic Chemistry: Study of organic compounds, such as hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
Physical Chemistry: Study of the physical principles underlying chemical reactions and processes.
Analytical Chemistry: Study of the analysis and identification of the chemical composition of substances.
Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes and substances in living organisms.

Atomic Number: Number of protons in an atom's nucleus, unique to each element.
Mass Number: Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Electron Configuration: Arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels.

Ionic Bonding: Transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in ions with opposite charges.
Covalent Bonding: Sharing of electrons between atoms.
Hydrogen Bonding: Weak bond between atoms with a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom.

Synthesis Reaction: Combination of two or more substances to form a new compound.
Decomposition Reaction: Breakdown of a single compound into two or more substances.
Replacement Reaction: Substitution of one element for another in a compound.
Combustion Reaction: Reaction between a substance and oxygen, resulting in heat and light.

Reactants: Substances that undergo a chemical change in a reaction.
Products: Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometry: Study of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products.

Arrhenius Theory: Acids are substances that donate H+ ions, bases are substances that accept H+ ions.
Bronsted-Lowry Theory: Acids are substances that donate H+ ions, bases are substances that accept H+ ions.
pH Scale: Measure of acidity, ranging from 0 (strongly acidic) to 14 (strongly basic).